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26
01.md
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@ -10,23 +10,23 @@ This NIP defines the basic protocol that should be implemented by everybody. New
## Events and signatures
Each user has a keypair. Signatures, public key and encodings are done according to the [Schnorr signatures standard for the curve `secp256k1`](https://bips.xyz/340).
Each user has a keypair. Signatures, public key, and encodings are done according to the [Schnorr signatures standard for the curve `secp256k1`](https://bips.xyz/340).
The only object type that exists is the `event`, which has the following format on the wire:
```json
{
"id": <32-bytes sha256 of the the serialized event data>
"pubkey": <32-bytes hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded sha256 of the the serialized event data>
"pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
"created_at": <unix timestamp in seconds>,
"kind": <integer>,
"tags": [
["e", <32-bytes hex of the id of another event>, <recommended relay URL>],
["p", <32-bytes hex of the key>, <recommended relay URL>],
["p", <32-bytes hex of a pubkey>, <recommended relay URL>],
... // other kinds of tags may be included later
],
"content": <arbitrary string>,
"sig": <64-bytes signature of the sha256 hash of the serialized event data, which is the same as the "id" field>
"sig": <64-bytes hex of the signature of the sha256 hash of the serialized event data, which is the same as the "id" field>
}
```
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Clients can send 3 types of messages, which must be JSON arrays, according to th
* `["REQ", <subscription_id>, <filters JSON>...]`, used to request events and subscribe to new updates.
* `["CLOSE", <subscription_id>]`, used to stop previous subscriptions.
`<subscription_id>` is a random string that should be used to represent a subscription.
`<subscription_id>` is an arbitrary, non-empty string of max length 64 chars, that should be used to represent a subscription.
`<filters>` is a JSON object that determines what events will be sent in that subscription, it can have the following attributes:
@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ Clients can send 3 types of messages, which must be JSON arrays, according to th
"kinds": <a list of a kind numbers>,
"#e": <a list of event ids that are referenced in an "e" tag>,
"#p": <a list of pubkeys that are referenced in a "p" tag>,
"since": <a timestamp, events must be newer than this to pass>,
"until": <a timestamp, events must be older than this to pass>,
"since": <an integer unix timestamp, events must be newer than this to pass>,
"until": <an integer unix timestamp, events must be older than this to pass>,
"limit": <maximum number of events to be returned in the initial query>
}
```
@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ The `ids` and `authors` lists contain lowercase hexadecimal strings, which may e
All conditions of a filter that are specified must match for an event for it to pass the filter, i.e., multiple conditions are interpreted as `&&` conditions.
A `REQ` message may contain multiple filters. In this case events that match any of the filters are to be returned, i.e., multiple filters are to be interpreted as `||` conditions.
A `REQ` message may contain multiple filters. In this case, events that match any of the filters are to be returned, i.e., multiple filters are to be interpreted as `||` conditions.
The `limit` property of a filter is only valid for the initial query and can be ignored afterwards. When `limit: n` is present it is assumed that the the events returned in the initial query will be the latest `n` events. It is safe to return less events than `limit` specifies, but it is expected that relays do not return (much) more events than requested so clients don't get unnecessarily overwhelmed by data.
The `limit` property of a filter is only valid for the initial query and can be ignored afterward. When `limit: n` is present it is assumed that the events returned in the initial query will be the latest `n` events. It is safe to return less events than `limit` specifies, but it is expected that relays do not return (much) more events than requested so clients don't get unnecessarily overwhelmed by data.
### From relay to client: sending events and notices
@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ This NIP defines no rules for how `NOTICE` messages should be sent or treated.
## Basic Event Kinds
- `0`: `set_metadata`: the `content` is set to a stringified JSON object `{name: <username>, about: <string>, picture: <url, string>}` describing the user who created the event. A relay may delete past `set_metadata` events once it gets a new one for the same pubkey.
- `1`: `text_note`: the `content` is set to the text content of a note (anything the user wants to say). Non-plaintext notes should instead use kind 1000-10000 as described in [NIP-16](16.md).
- `2`: `recommend_server`: the `content` is set to the URL (e.g., `https://somerelay.com`) of a relay the event creator wants to recommend to its followers.
- `1`: `text_note`: the `content` is set to the plaintext content of a note (anything the user wants to say). Markdown links (`[]()` stuff) are not plaintext.
- `2`: `recommend_server`: the `content` is set to the URL (e.g., `wss://somerelay.com`) of a relay the event creator wants to recommend to its followers.
A relay may choose to treat different message kinds differently, and it may or may not choose to have a default way to handle kinds it doesn't know about.
## Other Notes:
- Clients should not open more than one websocket to each relay. One channel can support an unlimited number of subscriptions, so clients should do that.
- The `tags` array can store a tag identifier as the first element of each subarray, plus arbitrary information afterwards (always as strings). This NIP defines `"p"` — meaning "pubkey", which points to a pubkey of someone that is referred to in the event —, and `"e"` — meaning "event", which points to the id of an event this event is quoting, replying to or referring to somehow.
- The `tags` array can store a tag identifier as the first element of each subarray, plus arbitrary information afterward (always as strings). This NIP defines `"p"` — meaning "pubkey", which points to a pubkey of someone that is referred to in the event —, and `"e"` — meaning "event", which points to the id of an event this event is quoting, replying to or referring to somehow.
- The `<recommended relay URL>` item present on the `"e"` and `"p"` tags is an optional (could be set to `""`) URL of a relay the client could attempt to connect to fetch the tagged event or other events from a tagged profile. It MAY be ignored, but it exists to increase censorship resistance and make the spread of relay addresses more seamless across clients.

2
02.md
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ A client may rely on the kind-3 event to display a list of followed people by pr
### Relay sharing
A client may publish a full list of contacts with good relays for each of their contacts so other clients may use these to update their internal relay lists if needed, increasing censorship-resistant.
A client may publish a full list of contacts with good relays for each of their contacts so other clients may use these to update their internal relay lists if needed, increasing censorship-resistance.
### Petname scheme

6
03.md
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@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ When there is an OTS available it MAY be included in the existing event body und
```
{
id: ...,
kind: ...,
"id": ...,
"kind": ...,
...,
...,
ots: <base64-encoded OTS file data>
"ots": <base64-encoded OTS file data>
}
```

2
04.md
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@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ A special event with kind `4`, meaning "encrypted direct message". It is suppose
**`tags`** MAY contain an entry identifying the previous message in a conversation or a message we are explicitly replying to (such that contextual, more organized conversations may happen), in the form `["e", "<event_id>"]`.
**Note**: By default in the [libsecp256k1](https://github.com/bitcoin-core/secp256k1) ECDH implementation, the secret is the SHA256 hash of the shared point (both X and Y coordinates). In Nostr, only the X coordinate of the shared point is used as the secret and it is NOT hashed. If using libsecp256k1, a custom function that copies the X coordinate must be passed as the `hashfp` argument in `secp256k1_ecdh`. See [here](https://github.com/bitcoin-core/secp256k1/blob/master/src/modules/ecdh/main_impl.h#L29).
Code sample for generating such an event in JavaScript:
```js

45
05.md
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@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ NIP-05
Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers
----------------------------------------------------
`final` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
`final` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:mikedilger`
On events of type `0` (`set_metadata`) one can specify the key `"nip05"` with an [internet identifier](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1) (an email-like address) as the value. Although there is a link to a very liberal "internet identifier" specification above, NIP-05 assumes the `<local-part>` part will be restricted to the characters `a-z0-9-_.`, case insensitive.
On events of kind `0` (`set_metadata`) one can specify the key `"nip05"` with an [internet identifier](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1) (an email-like address) as the value. Although there is a link to a very liberal "internet identifier" specification above, NIP-05 assumes the `<local-part>` part will be restricted to the characters `a-z0-9-_.`, case insensitive.
Upon seeing that, the client splits the identifier into `<local-part>` and `<domain>` and use these values to make a GET request to `https://<domain>/.well-known/nostr.json?name=<local-part>`.
The result should be a JSON document object with a key `"names"` that should then be a mapping of names to public keys. If the public key for the given `<name>` matches the `pubkey` from the `set_metadata` event, the client then concludes that the given pubkey can indeed be referenced by its identifier.
The result should be a JSON document object with a key `"names"` that should then be a mapping of names to hex formatted public keys. If the public key for the given `<name>` matches the `pubkey` from the `set_metadata` event, the client then concludes that the given pubkey can indeed be referenced by its identifier.
### Example
@ -33,12 +33,39 @@ It will make a GET request to `https://example.com/.well-known/nostr.json?name=b
"bob": "b0635d6a9851d3aed0cd6c495b282167acf761729078d975fc341b22650b07b9"
}
}
```
````
That will mean everything is alright.
or with the **optional** `"relays"` attribute:
```json
{
"names": {
"bob": "b0635d6a9851d3aed0cd6c495b282167acf761729078d975fc341b22650b07b9"
},
"relays": {
"b0635d6a9851d3aed0cd6c495b282167acf761729078d975fc341b22650b07b9": [ "wss://relay.example.com", "wss://relay2.example.com" ]
}
}
````
If the pubkey matches the one given in `"names"` (as in the example above) that means the association is right and the `"nip05"` identifier is valid and can be displayed.
The optional `"relays"` attribute may contain an object with public keys as properties and arrays of relay URLs as values. When present, that can be used to help clients learn in which relays that user may be found. Web servers which serve `/.well-known/nostr.json` files dynamically based on the query string SHOULD also serve the relays data for any name they serve in the same reply when that is available.
## Finding users from their NIP-05 identifier
A client may implement support for finding users' public keys from _internet identifiers_, the flow is the same as above, but reversed: first the client fetches the _well-known_ URL and from there it gets the public key of the user, then it tries to fetch the kind `0` event for that user and check if it has a matching `"nip05"`.
## Notes
### Clients must always follow public keys, not NIP-05 addresses
For example, if after finding that `bob@bob.com` has the public key `abc...def`, the user clicks a button to follow that profile, the client must keep a primary reference to `abc...def`, not `bob@bob.com`. If, for any reason, the address `https://bob.com/.well-known/nostr.json?name=bob` starts returning the public key `1d2...e3f` at any time in the future, the client must not replace `abc...def` in his list of followed profiles for the user (but it should stop displaying "bob@bob.com" for that user, as that will have become an invalid `"nip05"` property).
### Public keys must be in hex format
Keys must be returned in hex format. Keys in NIP-19 `npub` format are are only meant to be used for display in client UIs, not in this NIP.
### User Discovery implementation suggestion
A client can also use this to allow users to search other profiles. If a client has a search box or something like that, a user may be able to type "bob@example.com" there and the client would recognize that and do the proper queries to obtain a pubkey and suggest that to the user.
@ -56,10 +83,16 @@ By adding the `<local-part>` as a query string instead of as part of the path th
JavaScript Nostr apps may be restricted by browser [CORS][] policies that prevent them from accessing `/.well-known/nostr.json` on the user's domain. When CORS prevents JS from loading a resource, the JS program sees it as a network failure identical to the resource not existing, so it is not possible for a pure-JS app to tell the user for certain that the failure was caused by a CORS issue. JS Nostr apps that see network failures requesting `/.well-known/nostr.json` files may want to recommend to users that they check the CORS policy of their servers, e.g.:
```bash
$ curl -sI https://example.com/.well-known/nostr.json?name=bob | grep ^Access-Control
$ curl -sI https://example.com/.well-known/nostr.json?name=bob | grep -i ^Access-Control
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
```
Users should ensure that their `/.well-known/nostr.json` is served with the HTTP header `Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` to ensure it can be validated by pure JS apps running in modern browsers.
[CORS]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS
### Security Constraints
The `/.well-known/nostr.json` endpoint MUST NOT return any HTTP redirects.
Fetchers MUST ignore any HTTP redirects given by the `/.well-known/nostr.json` endpoint.

9
07.md
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ That object must define the following methods:
```
async window.nostr.getPublicKey(): string // returns a public key as hex
async window.nostr.signEvent(event: Event): Event // takes an event object and returns it with the `sig`
async window.nostr.signEvent(event: Event): Event // takes an event object, adds `id`, `pubkey` and `sig` and returns it
```
Aside from these two basic above, the following functions can also be implemented optionally:
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ async window.nostr.nip04.decrypt(pubkey, ciphertext): string // takes ciphertext
### Implementation
- [nos2x](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x) is available as a Chromium extension that provides such capabilities.
- [Alby](https://getalby.com) is a Bitcoin extension that also provides a compatible `window.nostr`.
- [Blockcore](https://www.blockcore.net/wallet)
- [nos2x](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x) (Chrome and derivatives)
- [Alby](https://getalby.com) (Chrome and derivatives, Firefox, Safari)
- [Blockcore](https://www.blockcore.net/wallet) (Chrome and derivatives)
- [nos2x-fox](https://diegogurpegui.com/nos2x-fox/) (Firefox)

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@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ For example:
}
```
Relays SHOULD delete or stop publishing any referenced events that have an identical `pubkey` as the deletion request. Clients SHOULD hide or otherwise indicate a deletion status for referenced events.
Relays SHOULD delete or stop publishing any referenced events that have an identical `id` as the deletion request. Clients SHOULD hide or otherwise indicate a deletion status for referenced events.
Relays SHOULD continue to publish/share the deletion events indefinitely, as clients may already have the event that's intended to be deleted. Additionally, clients SHOULD broadcast deletion events to other relays which don't have it.
## Client Usage
Clients MAY choose to fully hide any events that are referenced by valid deletion events. This includes text notes, direct messages, or other yet-to-be defined event kinds. Alternatively, they MAY show the event along with an icon or other indication that the author has "disowned" the event. The `content` field MAY also be used to replace the deleted events own content, although a user interface should clearly indicate that this is a deletion reason, not the original content.
Clients MAY choose to fully hide any events that are referenced by valid deletion events. This includes text notes, direct messages, or other yet-to-be defined event kinds. Alternatively, they MAY show the event along with an icon or other indication that the author has "disowned" the event. The `content` field MAY also be used to replace the deleted event's own content, although a user interface should clearly indicate that this is a deletion reason, not the original content.
A client MUST validate that each event `pubkey` referenced in the `e` tag of the deletion request is identical to the deletion request `pubkey`, before hiding or deleting any event. Relays can not, in general, perform this validation and should not be treated as authoritative.

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@ -43,10 +43,12 @@ They are citings from this event. `root-id` and `reply-id` are as above.
Where:
* `<event-id>` is the id of the event being referenced.
* `<relay-url>` is the URL of a recommended relay associated with the reference. It is NOT optional.
* `<marker>` is optional and if present is one of `"reply"` or `"root"`
* `<relay-url>` is the URL of a recommended relay associated with the reference. Clients SHOULD add a valid `<relay-URL>` field, but may instead leave it as `""`.
* `<marker>` is optional and if present is one of `"reply"`, `"root"`, or `"mention"`.
**The order of marked "e" tags is not relevant.** Those marked with `"reply"` denote the `<reply-id>`. Those marked with `"root"` denote the root id of the reply thread.
**The order of marked "e" tags is not relevant.** Those marked with `"reply"` denote the id of the reply event being responded to. Those marked with `"root"` denote the root id of the reply thread being responded to. For top level replies (those replying directly to the root event), only the `"root"` marker should be used. Those marked with `"mention"` denote a quoted or reposted event id.
A direct reply to the root of a thread should have a single marked "e" tag of type "root".
>This scheme is preferred because it allows events to mention others without confusing them with `<reply-id>` or `<root-id>`.

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@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ When a relay receives an HTTP(s) request with an `Accept` header of `application
```json
{
name: <string identifying relay>,
description: <string with detailed information>,
pubkey: <administrative contact pubkey>,
contact: <administrative alternate contact>,
supported_nips: <a list of NIP numbers supported by the relay>,
software: <string identifying relay software URL>,
version: <string version identifier>
"name": <string identifying relay>,
"description": <string with detailed information>,
"pubkey": <administrative contact pubkey>,
"contact": <administrative alternate contact>,
"supported_nips": <a list of NIP numbers supported by the relay>,
"software": <string identifying relay software URL>,
"version": <string version identifier>
}
```

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@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ bech32-encoded entities
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:fiatjaf` `author:Semisol`
This NIP specifies all bech32-encoded entities.
This NIP standardizes bech32-formatted strings that can be used to display keys, ids and other information in clients. These formats are not meant to be used anywhere in the core protocol, they are only meant for displaying to users, copy-pasting, sharing, rendering QR codes and inputting data.
It is recommended that ids and keys are stored in either hex or binary format, since these formats are closer to what must actually be used the core protocol.
## Bare keys and ids
@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ These are the possible bech32 prefixes:
Example: the hex public key `3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d` translates to `npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6`.
The bech32 encodings of keys and ids are not meant to be used inside the standard NIP-01 event formats or inside the filters, they're meant for human-friendlier display and input only. Clients should still accept keys in both hex and npubformat for now, and convert internally.
The bech32 encodings of keys and ids are not meant to be used inside the standard NIP-01 event formats or inside the filters, they're meant for human-friendlier display and input only. Clients should still accept keys in both hex and npub format for now, and convert internally.
## Shareable identifiers with extra metadata
@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ These are the possible bech32 prefixes with `TLV`:
- `nprofile`: a nostr profile
- `nevent`: a nostr event
- `nrelay`: a nostr relay
- `naddr`: a nostr parameterized replaceable event coordinate (NIP-33)
These possible standardized `TLV` types are indicated here:
@ -39,5 +43,26 @@ These possible standardized `TLV` types are indicated here:
- depends on the bech32 prefix:
- for `nprofile` it will be the 32 bytes of the profile public key
- for `nevent` it will be the 32 bytes of the event id
- for `nrelay`, this is the relay URL
- for `naddr`, it is the identifier (the `"d"` tag) of the event being referenced
- `1`: `relay`
- A relay in which the entity (profile or event) is more likely to be found, encoded as UTF-8. This may be included multiple times.
- for `nprofile`, `nevent` and `naddr`, a relay in which the entity (profile or event) is more likely to be found, encoded as ascii
- this may be included multiple times
- `2`: `author`
- for `naddr`, the 32 bytes of the pubkey of the event
- `3`: `kind`
- for `naddr`, the 32-bit unsigned integer of the kind, big-endian
## Examples
- `npub10elfcs4fr0l0r8af98jlmgdh9c8tcxjvz9qkw038js35mp4dma8qzvjptg` should decode into the public key hex `7e7e9c42a91bfef19fa929e5fda1b72e0ebc1a4c1141673e2794234d86addf4e` and vice-versa
- `nsec1vl029mgpspedva04g90vltkh6fvh240zqtv9k0t9af8935ke9laqsnlfe5` should decode into the private key hex `67dea2ed018072d675f5415ecfaed7d2597555e202d85b3d65ea4e58d2d92ffa` and vice-versa
- `nprofile1qqsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8gpp4mhxue69uhhytnc9e3k7mgpz4mhxue69uhkg6nzv9ejuumpv34kytnrdaksjlyr9p` should decode into a profile with the following TLV items:
- pubkey: `3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d`
- relay: `wss://r.x.com`
- relay: `wss://djbas.sadkb.com`
## Notes
- `npub` keys MUST NOT be used in NIP-01 events or in NIP-05 JSON responses, only the hex format is supported there.

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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Client Handling
For the `pow:` prefix it may query relay metadata to get the updated difficulty requirement and try again in the background.
For the `invalid:` and `blocked`: prefix the client may wish to show these as styled error popups.
For the `invalid:` and `blocked:` prefix the client may wish to show these as styled error popups.
The prefixes include a colon so that the message can be cleanly separated from the prefix by taking everything after `:` and trimming it.

20
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
NIP-21
======
`nostr:` URL scheme
-------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
This NIP standardizes the usage of a common URL scheme for maximum interoperability and openness in the network.
The scheme is `nostr:`.
The identifiers that come after are expected to be the same as those defined in NIP-19 (except `nsec`).
## Examples
- `nostr:npub1sn0wdenkukak0d9dfczzeacvhkrgz92ak56egt7vdgzn8pv2wfqqhrjdv9`
- `nostr:nprofile1qqsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8gpp4mhxue69uhhytnc9e3k7mgpz4mhxue69uhkg6nzv9ejuumpv34kytnrdaksjlyr9p`
- `nostr:note1fntxtkcy9pjwucqwa9mddn7v03wwwsu9j330jj350nvhpky2tuaspk6nqc`
- `nostr:nevent1qqstna2yrezu5wghjvswqqculvvwxsrcvu7uc0f78gan4xqhvz49d9spr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ez6un9d3shjtn4de6x2argwghx6egpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ez6ur4vgh8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet5nxnepm`

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Event `created_at` Limits
Relays may define both upper and lower limits within which they will consider an event's `created_at` to be acceptable. Both the upper and lower limits MUST be unix timestamps in seconds as defined in [NIP-01](01.md).
If a relay supports this NIP, the relay SHOULD send the client a `NOTICE` message saying the event was not stored for the `created_at` timestamp not being within the permitted limits.
If a relay supports this NIP, the relay SHOULD send the client a [NIP-20](20.md) command result saying the event was not stored for the `created_at` timestamp not being within the permitted limits.
Client Behavior
---------------
@ -22,24 +22,24 @@ This NIP formalizes restrictions on event timestamps as accepted by a relay and
The event `created_at` field is just a unix timestamp and can be set to a time in the past or future. Relays accept and share events dated to 20 years ago or 50,000 years in the future. This NIP aims to define a way for relays that do not want to store events with *any* timestamp to set their own restrictions.
[Replaceable events](16.md#replaceable-events) can behave rather unexpected if the user wrote them - or tried to write them - with a wrong system clock. Persisting an update with a backdated system now would result in the update not getting persisted without a `NOTICE` and if they did the last update with a forward dated system, they will again fail to do another update with the now correct time.
[Replaceable events](16.md#replaceable-events) can behave rather unexpected if the user wrote them - or tried to write them - with a wrong system clock. Persisting an update with a backdated system now would result in the update not getting persisted without a notification and if they did the last update with a forward dated system, they will again fail to do another update with the now correct time.
A wide adoption of this nip could create a better user experience as it would decrease the amount of events that appear wildly out of order or even from impossible dates in the distant past or future.
A wide adoption of this NIP could create a better user experience as it would decrease the amount of events that appear wildly out of order or even from impossible dates in the distant past or future.
Keep in mind that there is a use case where a user migrates their old posts onto a new relay. If a relay rejects events that were not recently created, it cannot serve this use case.
Python Example
--------------
Python (pseudocode) Example
---------------------------
```python
import time
TIME = int(time.now)
TIME = int(time.time())
LOWER_LIMIT = TIME - (60 * 60 * 24) # Define lower limit as 1 day into the past
UPPER_LIMIT = TIME + (60 * 15) # Define upper limit as 15 minutes into the future
if event.created_at not in range(LOWER_LIMIT, UPPER_LIMIT):
# NOTE: This is one example of a notice message. Relays can change this to notify clients however they like.
ws.send('["NOTICE", "The event created_at field is out of the acceptable range (-24h, +15min) for this relay and was not stored."]')
ws.send('["OK", event.id, False, "invalid: the event created_at field is out of the acceptable range (-24h, +15min) for this relay"]')
```
Note: These are just example limits, the relay operator can choose whatever limits they want.

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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
NIP-23
======
Long-form Content
-----------------
`draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
This NIP defines `kind:30023` (a parameterized replaceable event according to NIP-33) for long-form text content, generally referred to as "articles" or "blog posts".
"Social" clients that deal primarily with `kind:1` notes should not be expected to implement this NIP.
### Format
The `.content` of these events should be a string text in Markdown syntax.
### Metadata
For the date of the last update the `.created_at` field should be used, for "tags"/"hashtags" (i.e. topics about which the event might be of relevance) the `"t"` event tag should be used, as per NIP-12.
Other metadata fields can be added as tags to the event as necessary. Here we standardize 4 that may be useful, although they remain strictly optional:
- `"title"`, for the article title
- `"image"`, for a URL pointing to an image to be shown along with the title
- `"summary"`, for the article summary
- `"published_at"`, for the timestamp in unix seconds (stringified) of the first time the article was published
### Editability
These articles are meant to be editable, so they should make use of the replaceability feature of NIP-33 and include a `"d"` tag with an identifier for the article. Clients should take care to only publish and read these events from relays that implement that. If they don't do that they should also take care to hide old versions of the same article they may receive.
### Linking
The article may be linked to using the NIP-19 `naddr` code along with the `"a"` tag (see NIP-33 and NIP-19).
### References
Clients that support publishing NIP-23 events should implement support for parsing pasted NIP-19 `naddr` identifiers and adding them automatically to the list of `.tags` of the event, replacing the actual content with a string like `#[tag_index]` in the same way as NIP-08 -- or, if the reference is in the form of a URL (for example, `[click here](naddr1...)`) then they should be replaced with just the tag number directly as if link with that name existed at the bottom of the Markdown (for example, `[click here][0]`).
Reader clients should parse the Markdown and replace these references with either internal links so the referenced events can be accessed directly, with NIP-21 `nostr:naddr1...` links or direct links to web clients that will handle these references.
The idea here is that having these tags is that reader clients can display a list of backreferences at the bottom when one article mentions another.
The same principles can be applied to `nevent1...`, `note1...`, `nprofile1...` or `npub1...`.
## Example Event
```json
{
"kind": 30023,
"created_at": 1675642635,
"content": "Lorem [ipsum][4] dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.\n\nRead more at #[3].",
"tags": [
["d", "lorem-ipsum"],
["title", "Lorem Ipsum"],
["published_at", "1296962229"],
["t", "placeholder"],
["e", "b3e392b11f5d4f28321cedd09303a748acfd0487aea5a7450b3481c60b6e4f87", "wss://relay.example.com"],
["a", "30023:a695f6b60119d9521934a691347d9f78e8770b56da16bb255ee286ddf9fda919:ipsum", "wss://relay.nostr.org"]
],
"pubkey": "...",
"id": "..."
}
```

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@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ A reaction is a `kind 7` note that is used to react to other notes.
The generic reaction, represented by the `content` set to a `+` string, SHOULD
be interpreted as a "like" or "upvote".
A reaction with `content` set to `-` SHOULD be interepreted as a "dislike" or
A reaction with `content` set to `-` SHOULD be interpreted as a "dislike" or
"downvote". It SHOULD NOT be counted as a "like", and MAY be displayed as a
downvote or dislike on a post. A client MAY also choose to tally likes against
dislikes in a reddit-like system of upvotes and downvotes, or display them as
separate tallys.
The `content` MAY be an emoji, in this case it MAY be interpreted as a "like",
The `content` MAY be an emoji, in this case it MAY be interpreted as a "like" or "dislike",
or the client MAY display this emoji reaction on the post.
Tags

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@ -19,48 +19,88 @@ This NIP introduces a new tag: `delegation` which is formatted as follows:
"delegation",
<pubkey of the delegator>,
<conditions query string>,
<64-bytes schnorr signature of the sha256 hash of the delegation token>
<delegation token: 64-byte Schnorr signature of the sha256 hash of the delegation string>
]
```
##### Delegation Token
The **delegation token** should be a 64-bytes schnorr signature of the sha256 hash of the following string:
The **delegation token** should be a 64-byte Schnorr signature of the sha256 hash of the following string:
```
nostr:delegation:<pubkey of publisher (delegatee)>:<conditions query string>
```
For example, the token `c33c88ba78ec3c760e49db591ac5f7b129e3887c8af7729795e85a0588007e5ac89b46549232d8f918eefd73e726cb450135314bfda419c030d0b6affe401ec1` is signed by `86f0689bd48dcd19c67a19d994f938ee34f251d8c39976290955ff585f2db42e` and consists of:
##### Conditions Query String
```json
nostr:delegation:62903b1ff41559daf9ee98ef1ae67cc52f301bb5ce26d14baba3052f649c3f49:kind=1&created_at>1640995200
```
The following fields and operators are supported in the above query string:
*Fields*:
1. `kind`
- *Operators*:
- `=${KIND_NUMBER}` - delegatee may only sign events of this kind
2. `created_at`
- *Operators*:
- `<${TIMESTAMP}` - delegatee may only sign events created ***before*** the specified timestamp
- `>${TIMESTAMP}` - delegatee may only sign events created ***after*** the specified timestamp
In order to create a single condition, you must use a supported field and operator. Multiple conditions can be used in a single query string, including on the same field. Conditions must be combined with `&`.
For example, the following condition strings are valid:
- `kind=1&created_at<1675721813`
- `kind=0&kind=1&created_at>1675721813`
- `kind=1&created_at>1674777689&created_at<1675721813`
For the vast majority of use-cases, it is advisable that query strings should include a `created_at` ***after*** condition reflecting the current time, to prevent the delegatee from publishing historic notes on the delegator's behalf.
#### Example
Below is an example of an event published by `62903b1ff41559daf9ee98ef1ae67cc52f301bb5ce26d14baba3052f649c3f49`, on behalf of `86f0689bd48dcd19c67a19d994f938ee34f251d8c39976290955ff585f2db42e`.
```
# Delegator:
privkey: ee35e8bb71131c02c1d7e73231daa48e9953d329a4b701f7133c8f46dd21139c
pubkey: 8e0d3d3eb2881ec137a11debe736a9086715a8c8beeeda615780064d68bc25dd
# Delegatee:
privkey: 777e4f60b4aa87937e13acc84f7abcc3c93cc035cb4c1e9f7a9086dd78fffce1
pubkey: 477318cfb5427b9cfc66a9fa376150c1ddbc62115ae27cef72417eb959691396
```
Delegation string to grant note publishing authorization to the delegatee (477318cf) from now, for the next 30 days, given the current timestamp is `1674834236`.
```json
nostr:delegation:477318cfb5427b9cfc66a9fa376150c1ddbc62115ae27cef72417eb959691396:kind=1&created_at>1674834236&created_at<1677426236
```
The delegator (8e0d3d3e) then signs a SHA256 hash of the above delegation string, the result of which is the delegation token:
```
6f44d7fe4f1c09f3954640fb58bd12bae8bb8ff4120853c4693106c82e920e2b898f1f9ba9bd65449a987c39c0423426ab7b53910c0c6abfb41b30bc16e5f524
```
The delegatee (477318cf) can now construct an event on behalf of the delegator (8e0d3d3e). The delegatee then signs the event with its own private key and publishes.
```json
{
"id": "a080fd288b60ac2225ff2e2d815291bd730911e583e177302cc949a15dc2b2dc",
"pubkey": "62903b1ff41559daf9ee98ef1ae67cc52f301bb5ce26d14baba3052f649c3f49",
"created_at": 1660896109,
"id": "e93c6095c3db1c31d15ac771f8fc5fb672f6e52cd25505099f62cd055523224f",
"pubkey": "477318cfb5427b9cfc66a9fa376150c1ddbc62115ae27cef72417eb959691396",
"created_at": 1677426298,
"kind": 1,
"tags": [
[
"delegation",
"86f0689bd48dcd19c67a19d994f938ee34f251d8c39976290955ff585f2db42e",
"kind=1&created_at>1640995200",
"c33c88ba78ec3c760e49db591ac5f7b129e3887c8af7729795e85a0588007e5ac89b46549232d8f918eefd73e726cb450135314bfda419c030d0b6affe401ec1"
"8e0d3d3eb2881ec137a11debe736a9086715a8c8beeeda615780064d68bc25dd",
"kind=1&created_at>1674834236&created_at<1677426236",
"6f44d7fe4f1c09f3954640fb58bd12bae8bb8ff4120853c4693106c82e920e2b898f1f9ba9bd65449a987c39c0423426ab7b53910c0c6abfb41b30bc16e5f524"
]
],
"content": "Hello world",
"sig": "cd4a3cd20dc61dcbc98324de561a07fd23b3d9702115920c0814b5fb822cc5b7c5bcdaf3fa326d24ed50c5b9c8214d66c75bae34e3a84c25e4d122afccb66eb6"
"content": "Hello, world!",
"sig": "633db60e2e7082c13a47a6b19d663d45b2a2ebdeaf0b4c35ef83be2738030c54fc7fd56d139652937cdca875ee61b51904a1d0d0588a6acd6168d7be2909d693"
}
```
The event should be considered a valid delegation if the conditions are satisfied (`kind=1`, `created_at>1674834236` and `created_at<1677426236` in this example) and, upon validation of the delegation token, are found to be unchanged from the conditions in the original delegation string.
Clients should display the delegated note as if it was published directly by the delegator (8e0d3d3e).
#### Relay & Client Querying Support
Relays should answer requests such as `["REQ", "", {"authors": ["A"]}]` by querying both the `pubkey` and delegation tags `[1]` value.
Relays should answer requests such as `["REQ", "", {"authors": ["A"]}]` by querying both the `pubkey` and delegation tags `[1]` value.

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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Clients SHOULD use [NIP-10](10.md) marked "e" tags to recommend a relay.
```json
{
"content": "{\"name\": \"Updated Demo Channel\", \"about\": \"Updating a test channel.\", \"picture\": \"https://placekitten.com/201/201\"}",
"tags": [["e", <channel_create_event_id> <relay-url>]],
"tags": [["e", <channel_create_event_id>, <relay-url>]],
...
}
```
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Root message:
```json
{
"content": <string>,
"tags": [["e", <kind_40_event_id> <relay-url> "root"]],
"tags": [["e", <kind_40_event_id>, <relay-url>, "root"]],
...
}
```
@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ Reply to another message:
{
"content": <string>,
"tags": [
["e", <kind_42_event_id> <relay-url> "reply"],
["p", <pubkey> <relay-url>],
["e", <kind_42_event_id>, <relay-url>, "reply"],
["p", <pubkey>, <relay-url>],
...
],
...

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NIP-33
======
Parameterized Replaceable Events
--------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:Semisol` `author:Kukks` `author:Cameri` `author:Giszmo`
This NIP adds a new event range that allows for replacement of events that have the same `d` tag and kind unlike NIP-16 which only replaced by kind.
Implementation
--------------
The value of a tag is defined as the first parameter of a tag after the tag name.
A *parameterized replaceable event* is defined as an event with a kind `30000 <= n < 40000`.
Upon a parameterized replaceable event with a newer timestamp than the currently known latest
replaceable event with the same kind and first `d` tag value being received, the old event
SHOULD be discarded and replaced with the newer event.
A missing or a `d` tag with no value should be interpreted equivalent to a `d` tag with the
value as an empty string. Events from the same author with any of the following `tags`
replace each other:
* `"tags":[["d",""]]`
* `"tags":[]`: implicit `d` tag with empty value
* `"tags":[["d"]]`: implicit empty value `""`
* `"tags":[["d",""],["d","not empty"]]`: only first `d` tag is considered
* `"tags":[["d"],["d","some value"]]`: only first `d` tag is considered
* `"tags":[["e"]]`: same as no tags
* `"tags":[["d","test","1"]]`: only the value is considered (`test`)
Clients SHOULD NOT use `d` tags with multiple values and SHOULD include the `d` tag even if it has no value to allow querying using the `#d` filter.
Referencing and tagging
-----------------------
Normally (as per NIP-01, NIP-12) the `"p"` tag is used for referencing public keys and the
`"e"` tag for referencing event ids and the `note`, `npub`, `nprofile` or `nevent` are their
equivalents for event tags (i.e. an `nprofile` is generally translated into a tag
`["p", "<event hex id>", "<relay url>"]`).
To support linking to parameterized replaceable events, the `naddr` code is introduced on
NIP-19. It includes the public key of the event author and the `d` tag (and relays) such that
the referenced combination of public key and `d` tag can be found.
The equivalent in `tags` to the `naddr` code is the tag `"a"`, comprised of `["a", "<kind>:<pubkey>:<d-identifier>", "<relay url>"]`.
Client Behavior
---------------
Clients SHOULD use the `supported_nips` field to learn if a relay supports this NIP.
Clients MAY send parameterized replaceable events to relays that may not support this NIP, and clients querying SHOULD be prepared for the relay to send multiple events and should use the latest one and are recommended to send a `#d` tag filter. Clients should account for the fact that missing `d` tags or ones with no value are not returned in tag filters, and are recommended to always include a `d` tag with a value.

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@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
NIP-35
======
User Discovery
--------------
`draft` `optional` `author:mikedilger`
This NIP extends NIP-05 to facilitate a mechanism of user discovery that provides both public key information and relay information.
This NIP does not modify any data or events within the nostr protocol. It only extends the contents of `https://<domain>/.well-known/nostr.json?name=<local-part>` return values with additional relay information.
With this NIP implemented, clients may then attempt to discover users via email-like addresses (see NIP-05) and potentially find what relays they post to along with their public key.
### nostr.json contents
NIP-05 specifies a `nostr.json` file with contents like this (refer to NIP-05):
```json
{
"names": {
"bob": "b0635d6a9851d3aed0cd6c495b282167acf761729078d975fc341b22650b07b9"
}
}
```
This NIP proposes an optional additional key like this:
````
{
"names": {
"bob": "b0635d6a9851d3aed0cd6c495b282167acf761729078d975fc341b22650b07b9"
},
"relays": {
"b0635d6a9851d3aed0cd6c495b282167acf761729078d975fc341b22650b07b9": [ "wss://relay.example.com", "wss://relay2.example.com" ]
},
}
````
The `relays` key contains an object with public keys as properties and arrays of relays as values.

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NIP-42
======
Authentication of clients to relays
-----------------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:Semisol` `author:fiatjaf`
This NIP defines a way for clients to authenticate to relays by signing an ephemeral event.
## Motivation
A relay may want to require clients to authenticate to access restricted resources. For example,
- A relay may request payment or other forms of whitelisting to publish events -- this can naïvely be achieved by limiting publication
to events signed by the whitelisted key, but with this NIP they may choose to accept any events as long as they are published from an
authenticated user;
- A relay may limit access to `kind: 4` DMs to only the parties involved in the chat exchange, and for that it may require authentication
before clients can query for that kind.
- A relay may limit subscriptions of any kind to paying users or users whitelisted through any other means, and require authentication.
## Definitions
This NIP defines a new message, `AUTH`, which relays can send when they support authentication and clients can send to relays when they want
to authenticate. When sent by relays, the message is of the following form:
```
["AUTH", <challenge-string>]
```
And, when sent by clients, of the following form:
```
["AUTH", <signed-event-json>]
```
The signed event is an ephemeral event not meant to be published or queried, it must be of `kind: 22242` and it should have at least two tags,
one for the relay URL and one for the challenge string as received from the relay.
Relays MUST exclude `kind: 22242` events from being broadcasted to any client.
`created_at` should be the current time. Example:
```json
{
"id": "...",
"pubkey": "...",
"created_at": 1669695536,
"kind": 22242,
"tags": [
["relay", "wss://relay.example.com/"],
["challenge", "challengestringhere"]
],
"content": "",
"sig": "..."
}
```
## Protocol flow
At any moment the relay may send an `AUTH` message to the client containing a challenge. After receiving that the client may decide to
authenticate itself or not. The challenge is expected to be valid for the duration of the connection or until a next challenge is sent by
the relay.
The client may send an auth message right before performing an action for which it knows authentication will be required -- for example, right
before requesting `kind: 4` chat messages --, or it may do right on connection start or at some other moment it deems best. The authentication
is expected to last for the duration of the WebSocket connection.
Upon receiving a message from an unauthenticated user it can't fulfill without authentication, a relay may choose to notify the client. For
that it can use a `NOTICE` or `OK` message with a standard prefix `"restricted: "` that is readable both by humans and machines, for example:
```
["NOTICE", "restricted: we can't serve DMs to unauthenticated users, does your client implement NIP-42?"]
```
or it can return an `OK` message noting the reason an event was not written using the same prefix:
```
["OK", <event-id>, false, "restricted: we do not accept events from unauthenticated users, please sign up at https://example.com/"]
```
## Signed Event Verification
To verify `AUTH` messages, relays must ensure:
- that the `kind` is `22242`;
- that the event `created_at` is close (e.g. within ~10 minutes) of the current time;
- that the `"challenge"` tag matches the challenge sent before;
- that the `"relay"` tag matches the relay URL:
- URL normalization techniques can be applied. For most cases just checking if the domain name is correct should be enough.

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NIP-46
======
Nostr Connect
------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:tiero` `author:giowe` `author:vforvalerio87`
## Rationale
Private keys should be exposed to as few systems - apps, operating systems, devices - as possible as each system adds to the attack surface.
Entering private keys can also be annoying and requires exposing them to even more systems such as the operating system's clipboard that might be monitored by malicious apps.
## Terms
* **App**: Nostr app on any platform that *requires* to act on behalf of a nostr account.
* **Signer**: Nostr app that holds the private key of a nostr account and *can sign* on its behalf.
## `TL;DR`
**App** and **Signer** sends ephemeral encrypted messages to each other using kind `24133`, using a relay of choice.
App prompts the Signer to do things such as fetching the public key or signing events.
The `content` field must be an encrypted JSONRPC-ish **request** or **response**.
## Signer Protocol
### Messages
#### Request
```json
{
"id": <random_string>,
"method": <one_of_the_methods>,
"params": [<anything>, <else>]
}
```
#### Response
```json
{
"id": <request_id>,
"result": <anything>,
"error": <reason>
}
```
### Methods
#### Mandatory
These are mandatory methods the remote signer app MUST implement:
- **describe**
- params []
- result `["describe", "get_public_key", "sign_event", "connect", "disconnect", "delegate", ...]`
- **get_public_key**
- params []
- result `pubkey`
- **sign_event**
- params [`event`]
- result `signature`
#### optional
- **connect**
- params [`pubkey`]
- **disconnect**
- params []
- **delegate**
- params [`delegatee`, `{ kind: number, since: number, until: number }`]
- result `{ from: string, to: string, cond: string, sig: string }`
- **get_relays**
- params []
- result `{ [url: string]: {read: boolean, write: boolean} }`
- **nip04_encrypt**
- params [`pubkey`, `plaintext`]
- result `nip4 ciphertext`
- **nip04_decrypt**
- params [`pubkey`, `nip4 ciphertext`]
- result [`plaintext`]
NOTICE: `pubkey` and `signature` are hex-encoded strings.
### Nostr Connect URI
**Signer** discovers **App** by scanning a QR code, clicking on a deep link or copy-pasting an URI.
The **App** generates a special URI with prefix `nostrconnect://` and base path the hex-encoded `pubkey` with the following querystring parameters **URL encoded**
- `relay` URL of the relay of choice where the **App** is connected and the **Signer** must send and listen for messages.
- `metadata` metadata JSON of the **App**
- `name` human-readable name of the **App**
- `url` (optional) URL of the website requesting the connection
- `description` (optional) description of the **App**
- `icons` (optional) array of URLs for icons of the **App**.
#### JavaScript
```js
const uri = `nostrconnect://<pubkey>?relay=${encodeURIComponent("wss://relay.damus.io")}&metadata=${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify({"name": "Example"}))}`
```
#### Example
```sh
nostrconnect://b889ff5b1513b641e2a139f661a661364979c5beee91842f8f0ef42ab558e9d4?relay=wss%3A%2F%2Frelay.damus.io&metadata=%7B%22name%22%3A%22Example%22%7D
```
## Flows
The `content` field contains encrypted message as specified by [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md). The `kind` chosen is `24133`.
### Connect
1. User clicks on **"Connect"** button on a website or scan it with a QR code
2. It will show an URI to open a "nostr connect" enabled **Signer**
3. In the URI there is a pubkey of the **App** ie. `nostrconnect://<pubkey>&relay=<relay>&metadata=<metadata>`
4. The **Signer** will send a message to ACK the `connect` request, along with his public key
### Disconnect (from App)
1. User clicks on **"Disconnect"** button on the **App**
2. The **App** will send a message to the **Signer** with a `disconnect` request
3. The **Signer** will send a message to ACK the `disconnect` request
### Disconnect (from Signer)
1. User clicks on **"Disconnect"** button on the **Signer**
2. The **Signer** will send a message to the **App** with a `disconnect` request
### Get Public Key
1. The **App** will send a message to the **Signer** with a `get_public_key` request
3. The **Signer** will send back a message with the public key as a response to the `get_public_key` request
### Sign Event
1. The **App** will send a message to the **Signer** with a `sign_event` request along with the **event** to be signed
2. The **Signer** will show a popup to the user to inspect the event and sign it
3. The **Signer** will send back a message with the schnorr `signature` of the event as a response to the `sign_event` request
### Delegate
1. The **App** will send a message with metadata to the **Signer** with a `delegate` request along with the **conditions** query string and the **pubkey** of the **App** to be delegated.
2. The **Signer** will show a popup to the user to delegate the **App** to sign on his behalf
3. The **Signer** will send back a message with the signed [NIP-26 delegation token](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/26.md) or reject it

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NIP-50
======
Search Capability
-----------------
`draft` `optional` `author:brugeman` `author:mikedilger` `author:fiatjaf`
## Abstract
Many Nostr use cases require some form of general search feature, in addition to structured queries by tags or ids.
Specifics of the search algorithms will differ between event kinds, this NIP only describes a general
extensible framework for performing such queries.
## `search` filter field
A new `search` field is introduced for `REQ` messages from clients:
```json
{
...
"search": <string>
}
```
`search` field is a string describing a query in a human-readable form, i.e. "best nostr apps".
Relays SHOULD interpret the query to the best of their ability and return events that match it.
Relays SHOULD perform matching against `content` event field, and MAY perform
matching against other fields if that makes sense in the context of a specific kind.
A query string may contain `key:value` pairs (two words separated by colon), these are extensions, relays SHOULD ignore
extensions they don't support.
Clients may specify several search filters, i.e. `["REQ", "", { "search": "orange" }, { "kinds": [1, 2], "search": "purple" }]`. Clients may
include `kinds`, `ids` and other filter field to restrict the search results to particular event kinds.
Clients SHOULD use the supported_nips field to learn if a relay supports `search` filter. Clients MAY send `search`
filter queries to any relay, if they are prepared to filter out extraneous responses from relays that do not support this NIP.
Clients SHOULD query several relays supporting this NIP to compensate for potentially different
implementation details between relays.
Clients MAY verify that events returned by a relay match the specified query in a way that suits the
client's use case, and MAY stop querying relays that have low precision.
Relays SHOULD exclude spam from search results by default if they supports some form of spam filtering.
## Extensions
Relay MAY support these extensions:
- `include:spam` - turn off spam filtering, if it was enabled by default

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NIP-56
======
Reporting
---------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55`
A report is a `kind 1984` note that is used to report other notes for spam,
illegal and explicit content.
The content MAY contain additional information submitted by the entity
reporting the content.
Tags
----
The report event MUST include a `p` tag referencing the pubkey of the user you
are reporting.
If reporting a note, an `e` tag MUST also be included referencing the note id.
A `report type` string MUST be included as the 3rd entry to the `e` or `p` tag
being reported, which consists of the following report types:
- `nudity` - depictions of nudity, porn, etc.
- `profanity` - profanity, hateful speech, etc.
- `illegal` - something which may be illegal in some jurisdiction
- `spam` - spam
- `impersonation` - someone pretending to be someone else
Some report tags only make sense for profile reports, such as `impersonation`
Example events
--------------
```json
{
"kind": 1984,
"tags": [
[ "p", <pubkey>, "nudity"]
],
"content": "",
...
}
{
"kind": 1984,
"tags": [
[ "e", <eventId>, "illegal"],
[ "p", <pubkey>]
],
"content": "He's insulting the king!",
...
}
{
"kind": 1984,
"tags": [
[ "p", <impersonator pubkey>, "impersonation"],
[ "p", <victim pubkey>]
],
"content": "Profile is imitating #[1]",
...
}
```
Client behavior
---------------
Clients can use reports from friends to make moderation decisions if they
choose to. For instance, if 3+ of your friends report a profile as explicit,
clients can have an option to automatically blur photos from said account.
Relay behavior
--------------
It is not recommended that relays perform automatic moderation using reports,
as they can be easily gamed. Admins could use reports from trusted moderators to
takedown illegal or explicit content if the relay does not allow such things.

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NIP-57
======
Lightning Zaps
--------------
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:kieran`
This NIP defines a new note type called a lightning zap of kind `9735`. These represent paid lightning invoice receipts sent by a lightning node called the `zapper`. We also define another note type of kind `9734` which are `zap request` notes, which will be described in this document.
Having lightning receipts on nostr allows clients to display lightning payments from entities on the network. These can be used for fun or for spam deterrence.
## Definitions
`zapper` - the lightning node or service that sends zap notes (kind `9735`)
`zap request` - a note of kind `9734` created by the person zapping
`zap invoice` - the bolt11 invoice fetched from a custom lnurl endpoint which contains a `zap request` note
## Protocol flow
### Client side
1. Calculate the lnurl pay request url for a user from the lud06 or lud16 field on their profile
2. Fetch the lnurl pay request static endpoint (`https://host.com/.well-known/lnurlp/user`) and gather the `allowsNostr` and `nostrPubkey` fields. If `allowsNostr` exists and it is `true`, and if `nostrPubkey` exists and is a valid BIP 340 public key, associate this information with the user. The `nostrPubkey` is the `zapper`'s pubkey, and it is used to authorize zaps sent to that user.
3. Clients may choose to display a lightning zap button on each post or on the users profile, if the user's lnurl pay request endpoint supports nostr, the client SHOULD generate a `zap invoice` instead of a normal lnurl invoice.
4. To generate a `zap invoice`, call the `callback` url with `amount` set to the milli-satoshi amount value. A `nostr` querystring value MUST be set as well. It is a uri-encoded `zap request` note signed by the user's key. The `zap request` note contains an `e` tag of the note it is zapping, and a `p` tag of the target user's pubkey. The `e` tag is optional which allows profile tipping. An optional `a` tag allows tipping parameterized replaceable events such as NIP-23 long-form notes. The `zap request` note must also have a `relays` tag, which is gathered from the user's configured relays. The `zap request` note SHOULD contain an `amount` tag, which is the milli-satoshi value of the zap which clients SHOULD verify being equal to the amount of the invoice. The `content` MAY be an additional comment from the user which can be displayed when listing zaps on posts and profiles.
5. Pay this invoice or pass it to an app that can pay the invoice. Once it's paid, a `zap note` will be created by the `zapper`.
### LNURL Server side
The lnurl server will need some additional pieces of information so that clients can know that zap invoices are supported:
1. Add a `nostrPubkey` to the lnurl-pay static endpoint `/.well-known/lnurlp/user`, where `nostrPubkey` is the nostr pubkey of the `zapper`, the entity that creates zap notes. Clients will use this to authorize zaps.
2. Add an `allowsNostr` field and set it to true.
3. In the lnurl-pay callback URL, watch for a `nostr` querystring, where the contents of the note is a uri-encoded `zap request` JSON.
4. If present, the zap request note must be validated:
a. It MUST have a valid nostr signature
b. It MUST have tags
c. It MUST have at least one p-tag
d. It MUST have either 0 or 1 e-tag
e. There should be a `relays` tag with the relays to send the `zap` note to.
f. If there is an `amount` tag, it MUST be equal to the `amount` query parameter.
g. If there is an `a` tag, it MUST be a valid NIP-33 event coordinate
5. If valid, fetch a description hash invoice where the description is this note and this note only. No additional lnurl metadata is included in the description.
At this point, the lightning node is ready to send the zap note once payment is received.
## The zap note
Zap notes are created by a lightning node reacting to paid invoices. Zap notes are only created when the invoice description (committed to the description hash) contains a `zap request` note.
Example zap note:
```json
{
"id": "67b48a14fb66c60c8f9070bdeb37afdfcc3d08ad01989460448e4081eddda446",
"pubkey": "9630f464cca6a5147aa8a35f0bcdd3ce485324e732fd39e09233b1d848238f31",
"created_at": 1674164545,
"kind": 9735,
"tags": [
[
"p",
"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"
],
[
"e",
"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8"
],
[
"bolt11",
"lnbc10u1p3unwfusp5t9r3yymhpfqculx78u027lxspgxcr2n2987mx2j55nnfs95nxnzqpp5jmrh92pfld78spqs78v9euf2385t83uvpwk9ldrlvf6ch7tpascqhp5zvkrmemgth3tufcvflmzjzfvjt023nazlhljz2n9hattj4f8jq8qxqyjw5qcqpjrzjqtc4fc44feggv7065fqe5m4ytjarg3repr5j9el35xhmtfexc42yczarjuqqfzqqqqqqqqlgqqqqqqgq9q9qxpqysgq079nkq507a5tw7xgttmj4u990j7wfggtrasah5gd4ywfr2pjcn29383tphp4t48gquelz9z78p4cq7ml3nrrphw5w6eckhjwmhezhnqpy6gyf0"
],
[
"description",
"{\"pubkey\":\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\",\"content\":\"\",\"id\":\"d9cc14d50fcb8c27539aacf776882942c1a11ea4472f8cdec1dea82fab66279d\",\"created_at\":1674164539,\"sig\":\"77127f636577e9029276be060332ea565deaf89ff215a494ccff16ae3f757065e2bc59b2e8c113dd407917a010b3abd36c8d7ad84c0e3ab7dab3a0b0caa9835d\",\"kind\":9734,\"tags\":[[\"e\",\"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8\"],[\"p\",\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\"],[\"relays\",\"wss://relay.damus.io\",\"wss://nostr-relay.wlvs.space\",\"wss://nostr.fmt.wiz.biz\",\"wss://relay.nostr.bg\",\"wss://nostr.oxtr.dev\",\"wss://nostr.v0l.io\",\"wss://brb.io\",\"wss://nostr.bitcoiner.social\",\"ws://monad.jb55.com:8080\",\"wss://relay.snort.social\"]]}"
],
[
"preimage",
"5d006d2cf1e73c7148e7519a4c68adc81642ce0e25a432b2434c99f97344c15f"
]
],
"content": "",
"sig": "b0a3c5c984ceb777ac455b2f659505df51585d5fd97a0ec1fdb5f3347d392080d4b420240434a3afd909207195dac1e2f7e3df26ba862a45afd8bfe101c2b1cc"
}
```
* The zap note MUST have a `bolt11` tag containing the description hash bolt11 invoice.
* The zap note MUST contain a `description` tag which is the invoice description.
* `SHA256(description)` MUST match the description hash in the bolt11 invoice.
* The zap note MAY contain a `preimage` to match against the payment hash of the bolt11 invoice. This isn't really a payment proof, there is no real way to prove that the invoice is real or has been paid. You are trusting the author of the zap note for the legitimacy of the payment.
The zap note is not a proof of payment, all it proves is that some nostr user fetched an invoice. The existence of the zap note implies the invoice as paid, but it could be a lie given a rogue implementation.
### Creating a zap note
When receiving a payment, the following steps are executed:
1. Get the description for the invoice. This needs to be saved somewhere during the generation of the description hash invoice. It is saved automatically for you with CLN, which is the reference implementation used here.
2. Parse the bolt11 description as a JSON nostr note. You SHOULD check the signature of the parsed note to ensure that it is valid. This is the `zap request` note created by the entity who is zapping.
4. The note MUST have only one `p` tag
5. The note MUST have 0 or 1 `e` tag
6. Create a nostr note of kind `9735` that includes the `p` tag AND optional `e` tag. The content SHOULD be empty. The created_at date SHOULD be set to the invoice paid_at date for idempotency.
7. Send the note to the `relays` declared in the `zap request` note from the invoice description.
A reference implementation for the zapper is here: [zapper][zapper]
[zapper]: https://github.com/jb55/cln-nostr-zapper
## Client Behavior
Clients MAY fetch zap notes on posts and profiles:
`{"kinds": [9735], "#e": [...]}`
To authorize these notes, clients MUST fetch the `nostrPubkey` from the users configured lightning address or lnurl and ensure that the zaps to their posts were created by this pubkey. If clients don't do this, anyone could forge unauthorized zaps.
Once authorized, clients MAY tally zaps on posts, and list them on profiles. If the zap request note contains a non-empty `content`, it may display a zap comment. Generally clients should show users the `zap request` note, and use the `zap note` to show "zap authorized by ..." but this is optional.
## Future Work
Zaps can be extended to be more private by encrypting zap request notes to the target user, but for simplicity it has been left out of this initial draft.

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NIP-58
======
Badges
------
`draft` `optional` `author:cameri`
Three special events are used to define, award and display badges in
user profiles:
1. A "Badge Definition" event is defined as a parameterized replaceable event
with kind `30009` having a `d` tag with a value that uniquely identifies
the badge (e.g. `bravery`) published by the badge issuer. Badge definitions can
be updated.
2. A "Badge Award" event is a kind `8` event with a single `a` tag referencing
a "Define Badge" event and one or more `p` tags, one for each pubkey the
badge issuer wishes to award. The value for the `a` tag MUST follow the format
defined in [NIP-33](33.md). Awarded badges are immutable and non-transferrable.
3. A "Profile Badges" event is defined as a parameterized replaceable event
with kind `30008` with a `d` tag with the value `profile_badges`.
Profile badges contain an ordered list of pairs of `a` and `e` tags referencing a `Badge Definition` and a `Badge Award` for each badge to be displayed.
### Badge Definition event
The following tags MUST be present:
- `d` tag with the unique name of the badge.
The following tags MAY be present:
- A `name` tag with a short name for the badge.
- `image` tag whose value is the URL of a high-resolution image representing the badge. The second value optionally specifies the dimensions of the image as `width`x`height` in pixels. Badge recommended dimensions is 1024x1024 pixels.
- A `description` tag whose value MAY contain a textual representation of the
image, the meaning behind the badge, or the reason of it's issuance.
- One or more `thumb` tags whose first value is an URL pointing to a thumbnail version of the image referenced in the `image` tag. The second value optionally specifies the dimensions of the thumbnail as `width`x`height` in pixels.
### Badge Award event
The following tags MUST be present:
- An `a` tag referencing a kind `30009` Badge Definition event.
- One or more `p` tags referencing each pubkey awarded.
### Profile Badges Event
The number of badges a pubkey can be awarded is unbounded. The Profile Badge
event allows individual users to accept or reject awarded badges, as well
as choose the display order of badges on their profiles.
The following tags MUST be present:
- A `d` tag with the unique identifier `profile_badges`
The following tags MAY be present:
- Zero or more ordered consecutive pairs of `a` and `e` tags referencing a kind `30009` Badge Definition and kind `8` Badge Award, respectively. Clients SHOULD
ignore `a` without corresponding `e` tag and viceversa. Badge Awards referenced
by the `e` tags should contain the same `a` tag.
### Motivation
Users MAY be awarded badges (but not limited to) in recognition, in gratitude, for participation, or in appreciation of a certain goal, task or cause.
Users MAY choose to decorate their profiles with badges for fame, notoriety, recognition, support, etc., from badge issuers they deem reputable.
### Recommendations
Badge issuers MAY include some Proof of Work as per [NIP-13](13.md) when minting Badge Definitions or Badge Awards to embed them with a combined energy cost, arguably making them more special and valuable for users that wish to collect them.
Clients MAY whitelist badge issuers (pubkeys) for the purpose of ensuring they retain a valuable/special factor for their users.
Badge image recommended aspect ratio is 1:1 with a high-res size of 1024x1024 pixels.
Badge thumbnail image recommended dimensions are: 512x512 (xl), 256x256 (l), 64x64 (m), 32x32 (s) and 16x16 (xs).
Clients MAY choose to render less badges than those specified by users in the Profile Badges event or replace the badge image and thumbnails with ones that fits the theme of the client.
Clients SHOULD attempt to render the most appropriate badge thumbnail according to the number of badges chosen by the user and space available. Clients SHOULD attempt render the high-res version on user action (click, tap, hover).
### Example of a Badge Definition event
```json
{
"pubkey": "alice",
"kind": 30009,
"tags": [
["d", "bravery"],
["name", "Medal of Bravery"],
["description", "Awarded to users demonstrating bravery"],
["image", "https://nostr.academy/awards/bravery.png", "1024x1024"],
["thumb", "https://nostr.academy/awards/bravery_256x256.png", "256x256"],
],
...
}
```
### Example of Badge Award event
```json
{
"id": "<badge award event id>",
"kind": 8,
"pubkey": "alice",
"tags": [
["a", "30009:alice:bravery"],
["p", "bob", "wss://relay"],
["p", "charlie", "wss://relay"],
],
...
}
```
### Example of a Profile Badges event
Honorable Bob The Brave:
```json
{
"kind": 30008,
"pubkey": "bob",
"tags": [
["d", "profile_badges"],
["a", "30009:alice:bravery"],
["e", "<bravery badge award event id>", "wss://nostr.academy"],
["a", "30009:alice:honor"],
["e", "<honor badge award event id>", "wss://nostr.academy"],
],
...
}
```

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NIP-65
======
Relay List Metadata
-------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:mikedilger`
A special replaceable event meaning "Relay List Metadata" is defined as an event with kind `10002` having a list of `r` tags, one for each relay the author uses to either read or write to.
The primary purpose of this relay list is to advertise to others, not for configuring one's client.
The content is not used and SHOULD be an empty string.
The `r` tags can have a second parameter as either `read` or `write`. If it is omitted, it means the author uses the relay for both purposes.
Clients SHOULD, as with all replaceable events, use only the most recent kind-10002 event they can find.
### The meaning of read and write
Write relays are for events that are intended for anybody (e.g. your followers). Read relays are for events that address a particular person.
Clients SHOULD write feed-related events created by their user to their user's write relays.
Clients SHOULD read feed-related events created by another from at least some of that other person's write relays. Explicitly, they SHOULD NOT expect them to be available at their user's read relays. It SHOULD NOT be presumed that the user's read relays coincide with the write relays of the people the user follows.
Clients SHOULD read events that tag their user from their user's read relays.
Clients SHOULD write events that tag a person to at least some of that person's read relays. Explicitly, they SHOULD NOT expect that person will pick them up from their user's write relays. It SHOULD NOT be presumed that the user's write relays coincide with the read relays of the person being tagged.
Clients SHOULD presume that if their user has a pubkey in their ContactList (kind 3) that it is because they wish to see that author's feed-related events. But clients MAY presume otherwise.
### Motivation
There is a common nostr use case where users wish to follow the content produced by other users. This is evidenced by the implicit meaning of the Contact List in [NIP-02](02.md)
Because users don't often share the same sets of relays, ad-hoc solutions have arisen to get that content, but these solutions negatively impact scalability and decentralization:
- Most people are sending their posts to the same most popular relays in order to be more widely seen
- Many people are pulling from a large number of relays (including many duplicate events) in order to get more data
- Events are being copied between relays, oftentimes to many different relays
### Purposes
The purpose of this NIP is to help clients find the events of the people they follow, to help tagged events get to the people tagged, and to help nostr scale better.
### Suggestions
It is suggested that people spread their kind `10002` events to many relays, but write their normal feed-related events to a much smaller number of relays (between 2 to 6 relays). It is suggested that clients offer a way for users to spread their kind `10002` events to many more relays than they normally post to.
Authors may post events outside of the feed that they wish their followers to follow by posting them to relays outside of those listed in their "Relay List Metadata". For example, an author may want to reply to someone without all of their followers watching.
It is suggested that relays allow any user to write their own kind `10002` event (optionally with AUTH to verify it is their own) even if they are not otherwise subscribed to the relay because
- finding where someone posts is rather important
- these events do not have content that needs management
- relays only need to store one replaceable event per pubkey to offer this service
### Why not in kind `0` Metadata
Even though this is user related metadata, it is a separate event from kind `0` in order to keep it small (as it should be widely spread) and to not have content that may require moderation by relay operators so that it is more acceptable to relays.
### Example
```json
{
"kind": 10002,
"tags": [
["r", "wss://alicerelay.example.com"],
["r", "wss://brando-relay.com"],
["r", "wss://expensive-relay.example2.com", "write"],
["r", "wss://nostr-relay.example.com", "read"],
],
"content": "",
...other fields
```

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NIP-78
======
Arbitrary custom app data
-------------------------
`draft` `optional` `author:sandwich` `author:fiatjaf`
The goal of this NIP is to enable [remoteStorage](https://remotestorage.io/)-like capabilities for custom applications that do not care about interoperability.
Even though interoperability is great, some apps do not want or do not need interoperability, and it that wouldn't make sense for them. Yet Nostr can still serve as a generalized data storage for these apps in a "bring your own database" way, for example: a user would open an app and somehow input their preferred relay for storage, which would then enable these apps to store application-specific data there.
## Nostr event
This NIP specifies the use of event kind `30078` (parameterized replaceable event) with a `d` tag containing some reference to the app name and context -- or any other arbitrary string. `content` and other `tags` can be anything or in any format.
## Some use cases
- User personal settings on Nostr clients (and other apps unrelated to Nostr)
- A way for client developers to propagate dynamic parameters to users without these having to update
- Personal private data generated by apps that have nothing to do with Nostr, but allow users to use Nostr relays as their personal database

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# NIPs
NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**. They exist to document what MUST, what SHOULD and what MAY be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nostr)-compatible _relay_ and _client_ software.
NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**. They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nostr)-compatible _relay_ and _client_ software.
- [NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description](01.md)
- [NIP-02: Contact List and Petnames](02.md)
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**. They exist to document wh
- [NIP-07: `window.nostr` capability for web browsers](07.md)
- [NIP-08: Handling Mentions](08.md)
- [NIP-09: Event Deletion](09.md)
- [NIP-10: Conventions for clients' use of `e` and `p` tags in text events.](10.md)
- [NIP-10: Conventions for clients' use of `e` and `p` tags in text events](10.md)
- [NIP-11: Relay Information Document](11.md)
- [NIP-12: Generic Tag Queries](12.md)
- [NIP-13: Proof of Work](13.md)
@ -20,44 +20,66 @@ NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**. They exist to document wh
- [NIP-16: Event Treatment](16.md)
- [NIP-19: bech32-encoded entities](19.md)
- [NIP-20: Command Results](20.md)
- [NIP-22: Event created_at Limits](22.md)
- [NIP-21: `nostr:` URL scheme](21.md)
- [NIP-22: Event `created_at` Limits](22.md)
- [NIP-23: Long-form Content](23.md)
- [NIP-25: Reactions](25.md)
- [NIP-26: Delegated Event Signing](26.md)
- [NIP-28: Public Chat](28.md)
- [NIP-35: User Discovery](35.md)
- [NIP-33: Parameterized Replaceable Events](33.md)
- [NIP-36: Sensitive Content](36.md)
- [NIP-40: Expiration Timestamp](40.md)
- [NIP-41: Surveys/Polls](41.md)
- [NIP-41: Surveys/Polls/Quizzes](41.md)
- [NIP-42: Authentication of clients to relays](42.md)
- [NIP-46: Nostr Connect](46.md)
- [NIP-50: Keywords filter](50.md)
- [NIP-56: Reporting](56.md)
- [NIP-57: Lightning Zaps](57.md)
- [NIP-58: Badges](58.md)
- [NIP-65: Relay List Metadata](65.md)
- [NIP-78: Application-specific data](78.md)
## Event Kinds
| kind | description | NIP |
|-------------|-----------------------------|------------------------|
| 0 | Metadata | [1](01.md), [5](05.md) |
| 1 | Text | [1](01.md) |
| 2 | Recommend Relay | [1](01.md) |
| 3 | Contacts | [2](02.md) |
| 4 | Encrypted Direct Messages | [4](04.md) |
| 5 | Event Deletion | [9](09.md) |
| 7 | Reaction | [25](25.md) |
| 40 | Channel Creation | [28](28.md) |
| 41 | Channel Metadata | [28](28.md) |
| 42 | Channel Message | [28](28.md) |
| 43 | Channel Hide Message | [28](28.md) |
| 44 | Channel Mute User | [28](28.md) |
| 45-49 | Public Chat Reserved | [28](28.md) |
| 10000-19999 | Replaceable Events Reserved | [16](16.md) |
| 20000-29999 | Ephemeral Events Reserved | [16](16.md) |
| kind | description | NIP |
| ------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| 0 | Metadata | [1](01.md), [5](05.md) |
| 1 | Short Text Note | [1](01.md) |
| 2 | Recommend Relay | [1](01.md) |
| 3 | Contacts | [2](02.md) |
| 4 | Encrypted Direct Messages | [4](04.md) |
| 5 | Event Deletion | [9](09.md) |
| 7 | Reaction | [25](25.md) |
| 8 | Badge Award | [58](58.md) |
| 40 | Channel Creation | [28](28.md) |
| 41 | Channel Metadata | [28](28.md) |
| 42 | Channel Message | [28](28.md) |
| 43 | Channel Hide Message | [28](28.md) |
| 44 | Channel Mute User | [28](28.md) |
| 45-49 | Public Chat Reserved | [28](28.md) |
| 1984 | Reporting | [56](56.md) |
| 9734 | Zap Request | [57](57.md) |
| 9735 | Zap | [57](57.md) |
| 10002 | Relay List Metadata | [65](65.md) |
| 22242 | Client Authentication | [42](42.md) |
| 24133 | Nostr Connect | [46](46.md) |
| 30008 | Profile Badges | [58](58.md) |
| 30009 | Badge Definition | [58](58.md) |
| 30023 | Long-form Content | [23](23.md) |
| 30078 | Application-specific Data | [78](78.md) |
| 1000-9999 | Regular Events | [16](16.md) |
| 10000-19999 | Replaceable Events | [16](16.md) |
| 20000-29999 | Ephemeral Events | [16](16.md) |
| 30000-39999 | Parameterized Replaceable Events | [33](33.md) |
## Message types
### Client to Relay
| type | description | NIP |
|-------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------|
| EVENT | used to publish events | [1](01.md) |
| REQ | used to request events and subscribe to new updates | [1](01.md) |
| CLOSE | used to stop previous subscriptions | [1](01.md) |
| type | description | NIP |
|-------|-----------------------------------------------------|-------------|
| EVENT | used to publish events | [1](01.md) |
| REQ | used to request events and subscribe to new updates | [1](01.md) |
| CLOSE | used to stop previous subscriptions | [1](01.md) |
| AUTH | used to send authentication events | [42](42.md) |
### Relay to Client
| type | description | NIP |
@ -65,18 +87,35 @@ NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**. They exist to document wh
| EVENT | used to send events requested to clients | [1](01.md) |
| NOTICE | used to send human-readable messages to clients | [1](01.md) |
| EOSE | used to notify clients all stored events have been sent | [15](15.md) |
| OK | used to notify clients if an EVENT was successuful | [20](20.md) |
| OK | used to notify clients if an EVENT was successful | [20](20.md) |
| AUTH | used to send authentication challenges | [42](42.md) |
Please update these lists when proposing NIPs introducing new event kinds.
When experimenting with kinds, keep in mind the classification introduced by [NIP-16](16.md).
## Standardized Tags
| name | value | other parameters | NIP |
| ---------- | ----------------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------ |
| e | event id (hex) | relay URL, marker | [1](01.md), [10](10.md) |
| p | pubkey (hex) | relay URL | [1](01.md) |
| a | coordinates to an event | relay URL | [33](33.md), [23](23.md) |
| r | a reference (URL, etc) | | [12](12.md) |
| t | hashtag | | [12](12.md) |
| g | geohash | | [12](12.md) |
| nonce | random | | [13](13.md) |
| subject | subject | | [14](14.md) |
| d | identifier | | [33](33.md) |
| expiration | unix timestamp (string) | | [40](40.md) |
## Criteria for acceptance of NIPs
1. They should be implemented in at least one client and one relay -- when applicable.
1. They should be implemented in at least two clients and one relay -- when applicable.
2. They should make sense.
3. They should be optional and backwards-compatible: care must be taken such that clients and relays that choose to not implement them do not stop working when interacting with the ones that choose to.
4. Other rules will be made up when necessary.
4. There should be no more than one way of doing the same thing.
5. Other rules will be made up when necessary.
## License