Merge branch 'master' into nip31

01.md

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ This NIP defines no rules for how `NOTICE` messages should be sent or treated.
 ## Basic Event Kinds
 
   - `0`: `set_metadata`: the `content` is set to a stringified JSON object `{name: <username>, about: <string>, picture: <url, string>}` describing the user who created the event. A relay may delete past `set_metadata` events once it gets a new one for the same pubkey.
-  - `1`: `text_note`: the `content` is set to the plaintext content of a note (anything the user wants to say). Markdown links (`[]()` stuff) are not plaintext.
+  - `1`: `text_note`: the `content` is set to the plaintext content of a note (anything the user wants to say). Do not use Markdown! Clients should not have to guess how to interpret content like `[]()`. Use different event kinds for parsable content.
   - `2`: `recommend_server`: the `content` is set to the URL (e.g., `wss://somerelay.com`) of a relay the event creator wants to recommend to its followers.
 
 A relay may choose to treat different message kinds differently, and it may or may not choose to have a default way to handle kinds it doesn't know about.
@@ -107,5 +107,6 @@ A relay may choose to treat different message kinds differently, and it may or m
 ## Other Notes:
 
 - Clients should not open more than one websocket to each relay. One channel can support an unlimited number of subscriptions, so clients should do that.
-- The `tags` array can store a tag identifier as the first element of each subarray, plus arbitrary information afterward (always as strings). This NIP defines `"p"` — meaning "pubkey", which points to a pubkey of someone that is referred to in the event —, and `"e"` — meaning "event", which points to the id of an event this event is quoting, replying to or referring to somehow. See [NIP-10](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/127d5518bfa9a4e4e7510490c0b8d95e342dfa4b/10.md) for a detailed description of "e" and "p" tags.
+- The `tags` array can store a tag identifier as the first element of each subarray, plus arbitrary information afterward (always as strings). This NIP defines `"p"` — meaning "pubkey", which points to a pubkey of someone that is referred to in the event —, and `"e"` — meaning "event", which points to the id of an event this event is quoting, replying to or referring to somehow. See [NIP-10](10.md) for a detailed description of "e" and "p" tags.
 - The `<recommended relay URL>` item present on the `"e"` and `"p"` tags is an optional (could be set to `""`) URL of a relay the client could attempt to connect to fetch the tagged event or other events from a tagged profile. It MAY be ignored, but it exists to increase censorship resistance and make the spread of relay addresses more seamless across clients.
+- Clients should use the created_at field to judge the age of a metadata event and completely replace older metadata events with newer metadata events regardless of the order in which they arrive.  Clients should not merge any filled fields within older metadata events into empty fields of newer metadata events.

05.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers
 
 `final` `optional` `author:fiatjaf` `author:mikedilger`
 
-On events of kind `0` (`set_metadata`) one can specify the key `"nip05"` with an [internet identifier](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1) (an email-like address) as the value. Although there is a link to a very liberal "internet identifier" specification above, NIP-05 assumes the `<local-part>` part will be restricted to the characters `a-z0-9-_.`, case insensitive.
+On events of kind `0` (`set_metadata`) one can specify the key `"nip05"` with an [internet identifier](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4.1) (an email-like address) as the value. Although there is a link to a very liberal "internet identifier" specification above, NIP-05 assumes the `<local-part>` part will be restricted to the characters `a-z0-9-_.`, case-insensitive.
 
 Upon seeing that, the client splits the identifier into `<local-part>` and `<domain>` and use these values to make a GET request to `https://<domain>/.well-known/nostr.json?name=<local-part>`.
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ or with the **optional** `"relays"` attribute:
 
 If the pubkey matches the one given in `"names"` (as in the example above) that means the association is right and the `"nip05"` identifier is valid and can be displayed.
 
-The optional `"relays"` attribute may contain an object with public keys as properties and arrays of relay URLs as values. When present, that can be used to help clients learn in which relays that user may be found. Web servers which serve `/.well-known/nostr.json` files dynamically based on the query string SHOULD also serve the relays data for any name they serve in the same reply when that is available.
+The optional `"relays"` attribute may contain an object with public keys as properties and arrays of relay URLs as values. When present, that can be used to help clients learn in which relays the specific user may be found. Web servers which serve `/.well-known/nostr.json` files dynamically based on the query string SHOULD also serve the relays data for any name they serve in the same reply when that is available.
 
 ## Finding users from their NIP-05 identifier
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Clients may treat the identifier `_@domain` as the "root" identifier, and choose
 
 ### Reasoning for the `/.well-known/nostr.json?name=<local-part>` format
 
-By adding the `<local-part>` as a query string instead of as part of the path the protocol can support both dynamic servers that can generate JSON on-demand and static servers with a JSON file in it that may contain multiple names.
+By adding the `<local-part>` as a query string instead of as part of the path, the protocol can support both dynamic servers that can generate JSON on-demand and static servers with a JSON file in it that may contain multiple names.
 
 ### Allowing access from JavaScript apps
 

07.md

@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ async window.nostr.nip04.decrypt(pubkey, ciphertext): string // takes ciphertext
 
 - [horse](https://github.com/fiatjaf/horse) (Chrome and derivatives)
 - [nos2x](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x) (Chrome and derivatives)
-- [Alby](https://getalby.com) (Chrome and derivatives, Firefox, Safari)
+- [Alby](https://getalby.com) (Chrome and derivatives, Firefox)
 - [Blockcore](https://www.blockcore.net/wallet) (Chrome and derivatives)
 - [nos2x-fox](https://diegogurpegui.com/nos2x-fox/) (Firefox)
 - [Flamingo](https://www.getflamingo.org/) (Chrome and derivatives)
+- [AKA Profiles](https://github.com/neilck/aka-extension) (Chrome, stores multiple keys)
+- [TokenPocket](https://www.tokenpocket.pro/) (Android, IOS, Chrome and derivatives)
+- [Nostrmo](https://github.com/haorendashu/nostrmo_faq#download) (Android, IOS)

09.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ For example:
   "pubkey": <32-bytes hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
   "tags": [
     ["e", "dcd59..464a2"],
-    ["e", "968c5..ad7a4"],
+    ["e", "968c5..ad7a4"]
   ],
   "content": "these posts were published by accident",
   ...other fields

11.md

@@ -69,18 +69,18 @@ are rejected or fail immediately.
 ```json
 {
 ...
-  limitation: {
+  "limitation": {
-        max_message_length: 16384,
+        "max_message_length": 16384,
-        max_subscriptions: 20,
+        "max_subscriptions": 20,
-        max_filters: 100,
+        "max_filters": 100,
-        max_limit: 5000,
+        "max_limit": 5000,
-        max_subid_length: 100,
+        "max_subid_length": 100,
-        min_prefix: 4,
+        "min_prefix": 4,
-        max_event_tags: 100,
+        "max_event_tags": 100,
-        max_content_length: 8196,
+        "max_content_length": 8196,
-        min_pow_difficulty: 30,
+        "min_pow_difficulty": 30,
-        auth_required: true,
+        "auth_required": true,
-        payment_required: true,
+        "payment_required": true,
   }
 ...
 }
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ all, and preferably an error will be provided when those are received.
 ```json
 {
 ...
-  retention: [
+  "retention": [
-    { kinds: [0, 1, [5, 7], [40, 49]], time: 3600 },
+    { "kinds": [0, 1, [5, 7], [40, 49]], "time": 3600 },
-    { kinds: [[40000, 49999], time: 100 },
+    { "kinds": [[40000, 49999]], "time": 100 },
-    { kinds: [[30000, 39999], count: 1000 },
+    { "kinds": [[30000, 39999]], "count": 1000 },
-    { time: 3600, count: 10000 }
+    { "time": 3600, "count": 10000 }
   ]
 ...
 }
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ all, and preferably an error will be provided when those are received.
 `retention` is a list of specifications: each will apply to either all kinds, or 
 a subset of kinds. Ranges may be specified for the kind field as a tuple of inclusive
 start and end values. Events of indicated kind (or all) are then limited to a `count`
-and or time period.
+and/or time period.
 
 It is possible to effectively blacklist Nostr-based protocols that rely on
 a specific `kind` number, by giving a retention time of zero for those `kind` values.
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ It is not possible to describe the limitations of each country's laws
 and policies which themselves are typically vague and constantly shifting.
 
 Therefore, this field allows the relay operator to indicate which
-country's' laws might end up being enforced on them, and then
+countries' laws might end up being enforced on them, and then
-indirectly on their users's content.
+indirectly on their users' content.
 
 Users should be able to avoid relays in countries they don't like,
 and/or select relays in more favourable zones. Exposing this
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ flexibility is up to the client software.
 ```json
 {
 ...
-  relay_countries: [ 'CA', 'US' ],
+  "relay_countries": [ "CA", "US" ],
 ...
 }
 ```
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ To support this goal, relays MAY specify some of the following values.
 ```json
 {
 ...
-  language_tags: [ 'en', 'en-419' ],
+  "language_tags": [ "en", "en-419" ],
-  tags: [ 'sfw-only', 'bitcoin-only', 'anime' ],
+  "tags": [ "sfw-only", "bitcoin-only", "anime" ],
-  posting_policy: 'https://example.com/posting-policy.html',
+  "posting_policy": "https://example.com/posting-policy.html",
 ...
 }
 ```
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ To support this goal, relays MAY specify some of the following values.
   the major languages spoken on the relay.
 
 - `tags` is a list of limitations on the topics to be discussed.
-  For example `sfw-only` indicates hat only "Safe For Work" content
+  For example `sfw-only` indicates that only "Safe For Work" content
   is encouraged on this relay. This relies on assumptions of what the
   "work" "community" feels "safe" talking about. In time, a common
   set of tags may emerge that allow users to find relays that suit
@@ -245,11 +245,11 @@ Relays that require payments may want to expose their fee schedules.
 ```json
 {
 ...
-  payments_url: "https://my-relay/payments",
+  "payments_url": "https://my-relay/payments",
-  fees: {
+  "fees": {
-    "admission": [{ amount: 1000000, unit: 'msats' }],
+    "admission": [{ "amount": 1000000, "unit": "msats" }],
-    "subscription": [{ amount: 5000000, unit: 'msats', period: 2592000 }],
+    "subscription": [{ "amount": 5000000, "unit": "msats", "period": 2592000 }],
-    "publication": [{ kinds: [4], amount: 100, unit: 'msats' }],
+    "publication": [{ "kinds": [4], "amount": 100, "unit": "msats" }],
   },
 ...
 }

15.md

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ A merchant can publish these events:
 | `0    ` | `set_meta`       | The merchant description (similar with any `nostr` public key).                                               | [NIP01       ](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md)                            |
 | `30017` | `set_stall`      | Create or update a stall.                                                                                     | [NIP33](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/33.md) (Parameterized Replaceable Event) |
 | `30018` | `set_product`    | Create or update a product.                                                                                   | [NIP33](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/33.md) (Parameterized Replaceable Event) |
-| `4    ` | `direct_message` | Communicate with the customer. The messages can be plain-text or JSON. | [NIP09](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/09.md)                                            |
+| `4    ` | `direct_message` | Communicate with the customer. The messages can be plain-text or JSON. | [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md)                                            |
-| `5    ` | `delete`         | Delete a product or a stall.                                                                                  | [NIP05](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/05.md)                                   |
+| `5    ` | `delete`         | Delete a product or a stall.                                                                                  | [NIP09](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/09.md)                                   |
 
 ### Event `30017`: Create or update a stall.
 

16.md

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ Upon a replaceable event with a newer timestamp than the currently known latest
 effectively replacing what gets returned when querying for
 `author:kind` tuples.
 
+If two events have the same timestamp, the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) SHOULD be retained, and the other discarded.
+
 Ephemeral Events
 ----------------
 An *ephemeral event* is defined as an event with a kind `20000 <= n < 30000`.

23.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Long-form Content
 
 `draft` `optional` `author:fiatjaf`
 
-This NIP defines `kind:30023` (a parameterized replaceable event according to [NIP-33](33.md)) for long-form text content, generally referred to as "articles" or "blog posts".
+This NIP defines `kind:30023` (a parameterized replaceable event according to [NIP-33](33.md)) for long-form text content, generally referred to as "articles" or "blog posts". `kind:30024` has the same structure as `kind:30023` and is used to save long form drafts.
 
 "Social" clients that deal primarily with `kind:1` notes should not be expected to implement this NIP.
 

28.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ In the channel creation `content` field, Client SHOULD include basic channel met
 
 Update a channel's public metadata.
 
-Clients and relays SHOULD handle kind 41 events similar to kind 0 `metadata` events.
+Clients and relays SHOULD handle kind 41 events similar to kind 33 replaceable events, where the information is used to update the metadata, without modifying the event id for the channel.  Only the most recent kind 41 is needed to be stored.
 
 Clients SHOULD ignore kind 41s from pubkeys other than the kind 40 pubkey.
 

30.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+NIP-30
+======
+
+Custom Emoji
+------------
+
+`draft` `optional` `author:alexgleason`
+
+Custom emoji may be added to **kind 0** and **kind 1** events by including one or more `"emoji"` tags, in the form:
+
+```
+["emoji", <shortcode>, <image-url>]
+```
+
+Where:
+
+- `<shortcode>` is a name given for the emoji, which MUST be comprised of only alphanumeric characters and underscores.
+- `<image-url>` is a URL to the corresponding image file of the emoji.
+
+For each emoji tag, clients should parse emoji shortcodes (aka "emojify") like `:shortcode:` in the event to display custom emoji.
+
+Clients may allow users to add custom emoji to an event by including `:shortcode:` identifier in the event, and adding the relevant `"emoji"` tags.
+
+### Kind 0 events
+
+In kind 0 events, the `name` and `about` fields should be emojified.
+
+```json
+{
+  "kind": 0,
+  "content": "{\"name\":\"Alex Gleason :soapbox:\"}",
+  "tags": [
+    ["emoji", "soapbox", "https://gleasonator.com/emoji/Gleasonator/soapbox.png"]
+  ],
+  "pubkey": "79c2cae114ea28a981e7559b4fe7854a473521a8d22a66bbab9fa248eb820ff6",
+  "created_at": 1682790000
+}
+```
+
+### Kind 1 events
+
+In kind 1 events, the `content` should be emojified.
+
+```json
+{
+  "kind": 1,
+  "content": "Hello :gleasonator: 😂 :ablobcatrainbow: :disputed: yolo",
+    "tags": [
+    ["emoji", "ablobcatrainbow", "https://gleasonator.com/emoji/blobcat/ablobcatrainbow.png"],
+    ["emoji", "disputed", "https://gleasonator.com/emoji/Fun/disputed.png"],
+    ["emoji", "gleasonator", "https://gleasonator.com/emoji/Gleasonator/gleasonator.png"]
+  ],
+  "pubkey": "79c2cae114ea28a981e7559b4fe7854a473521a8d22a66bbab9fa248eb820ff6",
+  "created_at": 1682630000
+}
+```

33.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This NIP adds a new event range that allows for replacement of events that have
 
 Implementation
 --------------
-The value of a tag is defined as the first parameter of a tag after the tag name.
+The value of a tag can be any string and is defined as the first parameter of a tag after the tag name.
 
 A *parameterized replaceable event* is defined as an event with a kind `30000 <= n < 40000`.
 Upon a parameterized replaceable event with a newer timestamp than the currently known latest
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ replaceable event with the same kind, author and first `d` tag value being recei
 SHOULD be discarded, effectively replacing what gets returned when querying for
 `author:kind:d-tag` tuples.
 
+If two events have the same timestamp, the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) SHOULD be retained, and the other discarded.
+
 A missing or a `d` tag with no value should be interpreted equivalent to a `d` tag with the
 value as an empty string. Events from the same author with any of the following `tags`
 replace each other:

45.md

@@ -6,21 +6,21 @@ Event Counts
 
 `draft` `optional` `author:staab`
 
-Relays may support the `COUNT` verb, which provides a mechanism for obtaining event counts.
+Relays may support the verb `COUNT`, which provides a mechanism for obtaining event counts.
 
 ## Motivation
 
-Some queries a client may want to execute against connected relays are prohibitively expensive, for example, in order to retrieve follower counts for a given pubkey, a client must query all kind-3 events referring to a given pubkey and count them. The result may be cached, either by a client or by a separate indexing server as an alternative, but both options erode the decentralization of the network by creating a second-layer protocol on top of Nostr.
+Some queries a client may want to execute against connected relays are prohibitively expensive, for example, in order to retrieve follower counts for a given pubkey, a client must query all kind-3 events referring to a given pubkey only to count them. The result may be cached, either by a client or by a separate indexing server as an alternative, but both options erode the decentralization of the network by creating a second-layer protocol on top of Nostr.
 
 ## Filters and return values
 
-This NIP defines a verb called `COUNT`, which accepts a subscription id and filters as specified in [NIP 01](01.md).
+This NIP defines the verb `COUNT`, which accepts a subscription id and filters as specified in [NIP 01](01.md) for the verb `REQ`. Multiple filters are OR'd together and aggregated into a single count result.
 
 ```
 ["COUNT", <subscription_id>, <filters JSON>...]
 ```
 
-Counts are returned using a `COUNT` response in the form `{count: <integer>}`. Relays may use probabilistic counts to reduce compute requirements.
+Counts are returned using a `COUNT` response in the form `{"count": <integer>}`. Relays may use probabilistic counts to reduce compute requirements.
 
 ```
 ["COUNT", <subscription_id>, {"count": <integer>}]

47.md

@@ -12,8 +12,18 @@ This NIP describes a way for clients to access a remote Lightning wallet through
 
 ## Terms
 
-* **client**: Nostr app on any platform that wants to pay Lightning invoices
+* **client**: Nostr app on any platform that wants to pay Lightning invoices.
-* **wallet service**: Nostr app that typically runs on an always-on computer (eg. in the cloud or on a Raspberry Pi).
+* **user**: The person using the **client**, and want's to connect their wallet app to their **client**.
+* **wallet service**: Nostr app that typically runs on an always-on computer (eg. in the cloud or on a Raspberry Pi).  This app has access to the APIs of the wallets it serves.
+
+## Theory of Operation
+ 1. **Users** who which to use this NIP to send lightning payments to other nostr users must first acquire a special "connection" URI from their NIP-47 compliant wallet application.  The wallet application may provide this URI using a QR screen, or a pasteable string, or some other means. 
+ 
+ 2. The **user** should then copy this URI into their **client(s)** by pasting, or scanning the QR, etc.  The **client(s)** should save this URI and use it later whenever the **user** makes a payment.  The **client** should then request an `info` (13194) event from the relay(s) specified in the URI.  The **wallet service** will have sent that event to those relays earlier, and the relays will hold it as a replaceable event.  
+ 
+ 3. When the **user** initiates a payment their nostr **client** create a `pay_invoice` request, encrypts it using a token from the URI, and sends it (kind 23194) to the relay(s) specified in the connection URI.  The **wallet service** will be listening on those relays and will decrypt the request and then contact the **user's** wallet application to send the payment.  The **wallet service** will know how to talk to the wallet application because the connection URI specified relay(s) that have access to the wallet app API.  
+ 
+ 4. Once the payment is complete the **wallet service** will send an encrypted `response` (kind 23195) to the **user** over the relay(s) in the URI.  
 
 ## Events
 
@@ -24,7 +34,8 @@ There are three event kinds:
 
 The info event should be a replaceable event that is published by the **wallet service** on the relay to indicate which commands it supports. The content should be
 a plaintext string with the supported commands, space-seperated, eg. `pay_invoice get_balance`. Only the `pay_invoice` command is described in this NIP, but other commands might be defined in different NIPs.
-Both the request and response events SHOULD contain one `p` tag, containing the public key of the **wallet service** if this is a request, and the public key of the **client** if this is a response. The response event SHOULD contain an `e` tag with the id of the request event it is responding to.
+
+Both the request and response events SHOULD contain one `p` tag, containing the public key of the **wallet service** if this is a request, and the public key of the **user** if this is a response. The response event SHOULD contain an `e` tag with the id of the request event it is responding to.
 
 The content of requests and responses is encrypted with [NIP04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md), and is a JSON-RPCish object with a semi-fixed structure:
 
@@ -77,6 +88,7 @@ The **wallet service** generates this connection URI with protocol `nostr+wallet
     - The user can have different keys for different applications. Keys can be revoked and created at will and have arbitrary constraints (eg. budgets).
     - The key is harder to leak since it is not shown to the user and backed up.
     - It improves privacy because the user's main key would not be linked to their payments.
+- `lud16` Recommended. A lightning address that clients can use to automatically setup the `lud16` field on the user's profile if they have none configured.
 
 The **client** should then store this connection and use it when the user wants to perform actions like paying an invoice. Due to this NIP using ephemeral events, it is recommended to pick relays that do not close connections on inactivity to not drop events.
 
@@ -117,7 +129,7 @@ Errors:
 ## Example pay invoice flow
 
 0. The user scans the QR code generated by the **wallet service** with their **client** application, they follow a `nostr+walletconnect:` deeplink or configure the connection details manually.
-1. **client** sends an event to with **wallet service** service with kind `23194`. The content is a `pay_invoice` request. The private key is the secret from the connection string above.
+1. **client** sends an event to the **wallet service** service with kind `23194`. The content is a `pay_invoice` request. The private key is the secret from the connection string above.
 2. **wallet service** verifies that the author's key is authorized to perform the payment, decrypts the payload and sends the payment.
 3. **wallet service** responds to the event by sending an event with kind `23195` and content being a response either containing an error message or a preimage.
 

57.md

@@ -6,21 +6,21 @@ Lightning Zaps
 
 `draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:kieran`
 
-This NIP defines two new event types for recording lightning payments between users. `9734` is a `zap request`, representing a payer's request to a recipient's lightning wallet for an invoice. `9735` is a `zap receipt`, representing the confirmation by the recipient's lightning wallet that the invoice issued in response to a zap request has been paid.
+This NIP defines two new event types for recording lightning payments between users. `9734` is a `zap request`, representing a payer's request to a recipient's lightning wallet for an invoice. `9735` is a `zap receipt`, representing the confirmation by the recipient's lightning wallet that the invoice issued in response to a `zap request` has been paid.
 
 Having lightning receipts on nostr allows clients to display lightning payments from entities on the network. These can be used for fun or for spam deterrence.
 
 ## Protocol flow
 
 1. Client calculates a recipient's lnurl pay request url from the `zap` tag on the event being zapped (see Appendix G), or by decoding their lud06 or lud16 field on their profile according to the [lnurl specifications](https://github.com/lnurl/luds). The client MUST send a GET request to this url and parse the response. If `allowsNostr` exists and it is `true`, and if `nostrPubkey` exists and is a valid BIP 340 public key in hex, the client should associate this information with the user, along with the response's `callback`, `minSendable`, and `maxSendable` values.
-2. Clients may choose to display a lightning zap button on each post or on a user's profile. If the user's lnurl pay request endpoint supports nostr, the client SHOULD use this NIP to request a zap receipt rather than a normal lnurl invoice.
+2. Clients may choose to display a lightning zap button on each post or on a user's profile. If the user's lnurl pay request endpoint supports nostr, the client SHOULD use this NIP to request a `zap receipt` rather than a normal lnurl invoice.
 3. When a user (the "sender") indicates they want to send a zap to another user (the "recipient"), the client should create a `zap request` event as described in Appendix A of this NIP and sign it.
 4. Instead of publishing the `zap request`, the `9734` event should instead be sent to the `callback` url received from the lnurl pay endpoint for the recipient using a GET request. See Appendix B for details and an example.
-5. The recipient's lnurl server will receive this request and validate it. See Appendix C for details on how to properly configure an lnurl server to support zaps, and Appendix D for details on how to validate the `nostr` query parameter.
+5. The recipient's lnurl server will receive this `zap request` and validate it. See Appendix C for details on how to properly configure an lnurl server to support zaps, and Appendix D for details on how to validate the `nostr` query parameter.
-6. If the request is valid, the server should fetch a description hash invoice where the description is this note and this note only. No additional lnurl metadata is included in the description. This will be returned in the response according to [LUD06](https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/06.md).
+6. If the `zap request` is valid, the server should fetch a description hash invoice where the description is this `zap request` note and this note only. No additional lnurl metadata is included in the description. This will be returned in the response according to [LUD06](https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/06.md).
 7. On receiving the invoice, the client MAY pay it or pass it to an app that can pay the invoice.
 8. Once the invoice is paid, the recipient's lnurl server MUST generate a `zap receipt` as described in Appendix E, and publish it to the `relays` specified in the `zap request`.
-9. Clients MAY fetch zap notes on posts and profiles, but MUST authorize their validity as described in Appendix F. If the zap request note contains a non-empty `content`, it may display a zap comment. Generally clients should show users the `zap request` note, and use the `zap note` to show "zap authorized by ..." but this is optional.
+9. Clients MAY fetch `zap receipt`s on posts and profiles, but MUST authorize their validity as described in Appendix F. If the `zap request` note contains a non-empty `content`, it may display a zap comment. Generally clients should show users the `zap request` note, and use the `zap receipt` to show "zap authorized by ..." but this is optional.
 
 ## Reference and examples
 
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ Example:
 
 ### Appendix B: Zap Request HTTP Request
 
-A signed zap request event is not published, but is instead sent using a HTTP GET request to the recipient's `callback` url, which was provided by the recipient's lnurl pay endpoint. This request should have the following query parameters defined:
+A signed `zap request` event is not published, but is instead sent using a HTTP GET request to the recipient's `callback` url, which was provided by the recipient's lnurl pay endpoint. This request should have the following query parameters defined:
 
 - `amount` is the amount in _millisats_ the sender intends to pay
-- `nostr` is the `9734` zap request event, JSON encoded then URI encoded
+- `nostr` is the `9734` `zap request` event, JSON encoded then URI encoded
 - `lnurl` is the lnurl pay url of the recipient, encoded using bech32 with the prefix `lnurl`
 
 This request should return a JSON response with a `pr` key, which is the invoice the sender must pay to finalize his zap. Here is an example flow:
@@ -97,18 +97,18 @@ const {pr: invoice} = await fetchJson(`${callback}?amount=${amount}&nostr=${even
 
 The lnurl server will need some additional pieces of information so that clients can know that zap invoices are supported:
 
-1. Add a `nostrPubkey` to the lnurl-pay static endpoint `/.well-known/lnurlp/<user>`, where `nostrPubkey` is the nostr pubkey your server will use to sign `zap receipt` events. Clients will use this to validate zap receipts.
+1. Add a `nostrPubkey` to the lnurl-pay static endpoint `/.well-known/lnurlp/<user>`, where `nostrPubkey` is the nostr pubkey your server will use to sign `zap receipt` events. Clients will use this to validate `zap receipt`s.
 2. Add an `allowsNostr` field and set it to true.
 
 ### Appendix D: LNURL Server Zap Request Validation
 
-When a client sends a zap request event to a server's lnurl-pay callback URL, there will be a `nostr` query parameter where the contents of the event are URI- and JSON-encoded. If present, the zap request event must be validated in the following ways:
+When a client sends a `zap request` event to a server's lnurl-pay callback URL, there will be a `nostr` query parameter whose value is that event which is URI- and JSON-encoded. If present, the `zap request` event must be validated in the following ways:
 
 1. It MUST have a valid nostr signature
 2. It MUST have tags
 3. It MUST have only one `p` tag
 4. It MUST have 0 or 1 `e` tags
-5. There should be a `relays` tag with the relays to send the `zap` note to.
+5. There should be a `relays` tag with the relays to send the `zap receipt` to.
 6. If there is an `amount` tag, it MUST be equal to the `amount` query parameter.
 7. If there is an `a` tag, it MUST be a valid NIP-33 event coordinate
 
@@ -116,29 +116,29 @@ The event MUST then be stored for use later, when the invoice is paid.
 
 ### Appendix E: Zap Receipt Event
 
-A `zap receipt` is created by a lightning node when an invoice generated by a `zap request` is paid. Zap receipts are only created when the invoice description (committed to the description hash) contains a zap request note.
+A `zap receipt` is created by a lightning node when an invoice generated by a `zap request` is paid. `Zap receipt`s are only created when the invoice description (committed to the description hash) contains a `zap request` note.
 
 When receiving a payment, the following steps are executed:
 
 1. Get the description for the invoice. This needs to be saved somewhere during the generation of the description hash invoice. It is saved automatically for you with CLN, which is the reference implementation used here.
 2. Parse the bolt11 description as a JSON nostr event. This SHOULD be validated based on the requirements in Appendix D, either when it is received, or before the invoice is paid.
-3. Create a nostr event of kind `9735` as described below, and publish it to the `relays` declared in the zap request.
+3. Create a nostr event of kind `9735` as described below, and publish it to the `relays` declared in the `zap request`.
 
-The following should be true of the zap receipt event:
+The following should be true of the `zap receipt` event:
 
 - The content SHOULD be empty.
 - The `created_at` date SHOULD be set to the invoice `paid_at` date for idempotency.
-- `tags` MUST include the `p` tag AND optional `e` tag from the zap request.
+- `tags` MUST include the `p` tag AND optional `e` tag from the `zap request`.
-- The zap receipt MUST have a `bolt11` tag containing the description hash bolt11 invoice.
+- The `zap receipt` MUST have a `bolt11` tag containing the description hash bolt11 invoice.
-- The zap receipt MUST contain a `description` tag which is the JSON-encoded invoice description.
+- The `zap receipt` MUST contain a `description` tag which is the JSON-encoded invoice description.
 - `SHA256(description)` MUST match the description hash in the bolt11 invoice.
-- The zap receipt MAY contain a `preimage` tag to match against the payment hash of the bolt11 invoice. This isn't really a payment proof, there is no real way to prove that the invoice is real or has been paid. You are trusting the author of the zap receipt for the legitimacy of the payment.
+- The `zap receipt` MAY contain a `preimage` tag to match against the payment hash of the bolt11 invoice. This isn't really a payment proof, there is no real way to prove that the invoice is real or has been paid. You are trusting the author of the `zap receipt` for the legitimacy of the payment.
 
-The zap receipt is not a proof of payment, all it proves is that some nostr user fetched an invoice. The existence of the zap receipt implies the invoice as paid, but it could be a lie given a rogue implementation.
+The `zap receipt` is not a proof of payment, all it proves is that some nostr user fetched an invoice. The existence of the `zap receipt` implies the invoice as paid, but it could be a lie given a rogue implementation.
 
 A reference implementation for a zap-enabled lnurl server can be found [here](https://github.com/jb55/cln-nostr-zapper).
 
-Example zap receipt:
+Example `zap receipt`:
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ Example zap receipt:
 
 ### Appendix F: Validating Zap Receipts
 
-A client can retrieve `zap receipts` on events and pubkeys using a NIP-01 filter, for example `{"kinds": [9735], "#e": [...]}`. Zaps MUST be validated using the following steps:
+A client can retrieve `zap receipt`s on events and pubkeys using a NIP-01 filter, for example `{"kinds": [9735], "#e": [...]}`. Zaps MUST be validated using the following steps:
 
 - The `zap receipt` event's `pubkey` MUST be the same as the recipient's lnurl provider's `nostrPubkey` (retrieved in step 1 of the protocol flow).
 - The `invoiceAmount` contained in the `bolt11` tag of the `zap receipt` MUST equal the `amount` tag of the `zap request` (if present).
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ A client can retrieve `zap receipts` on events and pubkeys using a NIP-01 filter
 
 ### Appendix G: `zap` tag on zapped event
 
-When an event includes a `zap` tag, clients SHOULD calculate the lnurl pay request based on it's value instead of the profile's field. An optional third argument on the tag specifies the type of value, either `lud06` or `lud16`.
+When an event includes a `zap` tag, clients SHOULD calculate the lnurl pay request based on its value instead of the profile's field. An optional third argument on the tag specifies the type of value, either `lud06` or `lud16`.
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -180,4 +180,4 @@ When an event includes a `zap` tag, clients SHOULD calculate the lnurl pay reque
 
 ## Future Work
 
-Zaps can be extended to be more private by encrypting zap request notes to the target user, but for simplicity it has been left out of this initial draft.
+Zaps can be extended to be more private by encrypting `zap request` notes to the target user, but for simplicity it has been left out of this initial draft.

89.md

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+NIP-89
+======
+
+Recommended Application Handlers
+--------------------------------
+
+`draft` `optional` `author:pablof7z`
+
+This NIP describes `kind:31989` and `kind:31990`: a way to discover applications that can handle unknown event-kinds.
+
+## Rationale
+Nostr's discoverability and transparent event interaction is one of its most interesting/novel mechanics.
+This NIP provides a simple way for clients to discover applications that handle events of a specific kind to ensure smooth cross-client and cross-kind interactions.
+
+### Parties involved
+There are three actors to this workflow:
+
+* application that handles a specific event kind (note that an application doesn't necessarily need to be a distinct entity and it could just be the same pubkey as user A)
+    * Publishes `kind:31990`, detailing how apps should redirect to it
+* user A, who recommends an app that handles a specific event kind
+    * Publishes `kind:31989`
+* user B, who seeks a recommendation for an app that handles a specific event kind
+    * Queries for `kind:31989` and, based on results, queries for `kind:31990`
+
+# Events
+
+## Recommendation event
+```json
+{
+    "kind": 31989,
+    "pubkey": <recommender-user-pubkey>,
+    "tags": [
+        [ "d", <supported-event-kind> ],
+        [ "a", "31990:app1-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay1", "ios" ],
+        [ "a", "31990:app2-pubkey:<d-identifier>", "wss://relay2", "web" ]
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+The `d` tag in `kind:31989` is the supported event kind this event is recommending.
+
+Multiple `a` tags can appear on the same `kind:31989`.
+
+The second value of the tag SHOULD be a relay hint.
+The third value of the tag SHOULD be the platform where this recommendation might apply.
+
+## Handler information
+```json
+{
+    "kind": 31990,
+    "pubkey": <pubkey>,
+    "content": "<optional-kind:0-style-metadata>",
+    "tags": [
+        [ "d", <random-id> ],
+        [ "k", <supported-event-kind> ],
+        [ "web", "https://..../a/<bech32>", "nevent" ],
+        [ "web", "https://..../p/<bech32>", "nprofile" ],
+        [ "web", "https://..../e/<bech32>" ],
+        [ "ios", ".../<bech32>" ]
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+* `content` is an optional `set_metadata`-like stringified JSON object, as described in NIP-01. This content is useful when the pubkey creating the `kind:31990` is not an application. If `content` is empty, the `kind:0` of the pubkey should be used to display application information (e.g. name, picture, web, LUD16, etc.)
+
+* `k` tags' value is the event kind that is supported by this `kind:31990`.
+Using a `k` tag(s) (instead of having the kind onf the NIP-33 `d` tag) provides:
+    * Multiple `k` tags can exist in the same event if the application supports more than one event kind and their handler URLs are the same.
+    * The same pubkey can have multiple events with different apps that handle the same event kind.
+
+* `bech32` in a URL MUST be replaced by clients with the NIP-19-encoded entity that should be loaded by the application.
+
+Multiple tags might be registered by the app, following NIP-19 nomenclature as the second value of the array.
+
+A tag without a second value in the array SHOULD be considered a generic handler for any NIP-19 entity that is not handled by a different tag.
+
+# User flow
+A user A who uses a non-`kind:1`-centric nostr app could choose to announce/recommend a certain kind-handler application.
+
+When user B sees an unknown event kind, e.g. in a social-media centric nostr client, the client would allow user B to interact with the unknown-kind event (e.g. tapping on it).
+
+The client MIGHT query for the user's and the user's follows handler.
+
+# Example
+
+## User A recommends a `kind:31337`-handler
+User A might be a user of Zapstr, a `kind:31337`-centric client (tracks). Using Zapstr, user A publishes an event recommending Zapstr as a `kind:31337`-handler.
+
+```json
+{
+    "kind": 31989,
+    "tags": [
+        [ "d", "31337" ],
+        [ "a", "31990:1743058db7078661b94aaf4286429d97ee5257d14a86d6bfa54cb0482b876fb0:abcd", <relay-url>, "web" ]
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+## User B interacts with a `kind:31337`-handler
+User B might see in their timeline an event referring to a `kind:31337` event
+(e.g. a `kind:1` tagging a `kind:31337`).
+
+User B's client, not knowing how to handle a `kind:31337` might display the event
+using its `alt` tag (as described in NIP-31). When the user clicks on the event,
+the application queries for a handler for this `kind`:
+
+`["REQ", <id>, '[{ "kinds": [31989], "#d": ["31337"], 'authors': [<user>, <users-contact-list>] }]']`
+
+User B, who follows User A, sees that `kind:31989` event and fetches the `a`-tagged event for the app and handler information.
+
+User B's client sees the application's `kind:31990` which includes the information to redirect the user to the relevant URL with the desired entity replaced in the URL.
+
+## Alternative query bypassing `kind:31989`
+Alternatively, users might choose to query directly for `kind:31990` for an event kind. Clients SHOULD be careful doing this and use spam-prevention mechanisms to avoid directing users to malicious handlers.
+
+`["REQ", <id>, '[{ "kinds": [31990], "#k": [<desired-event-kind>], 'authors': [...] }]']`

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # NIPs
 
 NIPs stand for **Nostr Implementation Possibilities**.
-They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nostr)-compatible _relay_ and _client_ software.
+They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr)-compatible _relay_ and _client_ software.
 
 ---
 
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/fia
 - [NIP-26: Delegated Event Signing](26.md)
 - [NIP-27: Text Note References](27.md)
 - [NIP-28: Public Chat](28.md)
+- [NIP-30: Custom Emoji](30.md)
 - [NIP-31: Dealing with Unknown Events](31.md)
 - [NIP-33: Parameterized Replaceable Events](33.md)
 - [NIP-36: Sensitive Content](36.md)
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/fia
 - [NIP-58: Badges](58.md)
 - [NIP-65: Relay List Metadata](65.md)
 - [NIP-78: Application-specific data](78.md)
+- [NIP-89: Recommended Application Handlers](89.md)
 - [NIP-94: File Metadata](94.md)
 
 ## Event Kinds
@@ -101,6 +103,8 @@ They exist to document what may be implemented by [Nostr](https://github.com/fia
 | `30018` | Create or update a product | [15](15.md) |
 | `30023` | Long-form Content          | [23](23.md) |
 | `30078` | Application-specific Data  | [78](78.md) |
+| `31989` | Handler recommendation     | [89](89.md) |
+| `31990` | Handler information        | [89](89.md) |
 
 ### Event Kind Ranges
 
@@ -143,6 +147,7 @@ When experimenting with kinds, keep in mind the classification introduced by [NI
 | name              | value                                | other parameters     | NIP                      |
 | ----------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------------ |
 | `a`               | coordinates to an event              | relay URL            | [33](33.md), [23](23.md) |
+| `alt`             | Alt tag                              | --                   | [31](31.md)              |
 | `d`               | identifier                           | --                   | [33](33.md)              |
 | `e`               | event id (hex)                       | relay URL, marker    | [1](01.md), [10](10.md)  |
 | `g`               | geohash                              | --                   | [12](12.md)              |
@@ -157,6 +162,7 @@ When experimenting with kinds, keep in mind the classification introduced by [NI
 | `delegation`      | pubkey, conditions, delegation token | --                   | [26](26.md)              |
 | `description`     | badge description                    | --                   | [58](58.md)              |
 | `description`     | invoice description                  | --                   | [57](57.md)              |
+| `emoji`           | shortcode                            | image URL            | [30](30.md)              |
 | `expiration`      | unix timestamp (string)              | --                   | [40](40.md)              |
 | `image`           | image URL                            | dimensions in pixels | [23](23.md), [58](58.md) |
 | `lnurl`           | `bech32` encoded `lnurl`             | --                   | [57](57.md)              |