NIP-32

Labeling

draft optional author:staab author:gruruya author:s3x-jay

A label is a kind 1985 event that is used to label other entities. This supports a number of use cases:

Distributed moderation and content recommendations
Reviews and ratings
Definition of edges in a graph structure

Label Target

The label event MUST include one or more tags representing the object or objects being labeled: e, p, a, r, or t tags. This allows for labeling of events, people, relays, or topics respectively. As with NIP-01, a relay hint SHOULD be included when using e and p tags.

Label Tag

This NIP introduces a new tag l which denotes a label, and a new L tag which denotes a label namespace. A label MUST include a mark matching an L tag. L tags refer to a tag type within nostr, or a nomenclature external to nostr defined either formally or by convention. Any string can be a namespace, but publishers SHOULD ensure they are unambiguous by using a well-defined ISO standard or reverse domain name notation. Some examples:

Namespaces starting with # indicate that the label target should be associated with the label's value. This is a way of attaching standard nostr tags to events, pubkeys, relays, urls, etc.

["l", "footstr", "#t"] - the publisher thinks the given entity should have the footstr topic applied.
["l", "<pubkey>", "#p"] - the publisher thinks the given entity is related to <pubkey>
["l", "D005528", "MeSH"] - "Foot" from NIH's Medical Subject Headings vocabulary
["l", "3173435", "GeoNames"] - Milan, Italy using the GeoNames coding system
["l", "IT-MI", "ISO-3166-2"] - Milano, Italy using ISO 3166-2.
["l", "VI-hum", "social.nos.ontology"] - Violence toward a human being as defined by ontology.nos.social.
["l", "review", "social.coracle.ontology"] - the publisher is leaving a review about the target, as defined by ontology.coracle.social.

L tags containing the label namespaces MUST be included in order to support searching by namespace rather than by a specific tag. The special ugc ("user generated content") namespace MAY be used when the label content is provided by an end user.

l and L tags MAY be added to other event kinds to support self-reporting. For events with a kind other than 1985, labels refer to the event itself.

Label Annotations

A label tag MAY include a 4th positional element detailing extra metadata about the label in question. This string should be a json-encoded object. Any key MAY be used, but the following are recommended:

quality may have a value of 0 to 1. This allows for an absolute, granular scale that can be represented in any way (5 stars, color scale, etc).
confidence may have a value of 0 to 1. This indicates the certainty which the author has about their rating.
context may be a comma-separated list of urls (including NIP-21 urls) indicating other context that should be considered when interpreting labels.

Content

Labels should be short, meaningful strings. Longer discussions, such as for a review, or an explanation of why something was labeled the way it was, should go in the event's content field.

Example events

A single event can apply multiple labels to multiple targets to support mass-tagging. Multiple namespaces may be used at the same time.

{
  "kind": 1985,
  "tags": [
    ["e", <id>, <relay_url>],
    ["p", <id>, <relay_url>],
    ["t", "chickens"],
    ["L", "#t"]
    ["L", "ugc"]
    ["L", "com.example.labels"]
    ["l", "chickens", "#t"],
    ["l", "user generated content", "ugc"],
    ["l", "permaculture", "com.example.labels"],
    ["l", "permies", "com.example.labels"],
    ["l", "farming", "com.example.labels"],
  ],
  "content": "",
  ...
}

A suggestion that multiple pubkeys be associated with the permies topic.

{
  "kind": 1985,
  "tags": [
    ["L", "#t"],
    ["l", "permies", "#t"],
    ["p", <pubkey1>, <relay_url>],
    ["p", <pubkey2>, <relay_url>]
  ],
  "content": "",
  ...
}

A review of a relay, as relates to certain topics, including additional dimensions. The author is indicating here that relay_url is related to the bitcoin topic, but they're not very sure that's the case.

{
  "kind": 1985,
  "tags": [
    ["L", "#t"],
    ["l", "bitcoin", "#t", "{\"quality\": 0.7, \"confidence\": 0.2}"],
    ["r", <relay_url>]
  ],
  "content": "I think this relay is mostly just bitcoiners.",
  ...
}

A plain review of a relay.

{
  "kind": 1985,
  "tags": [
    ["L", "social.coracle.ontology"],
    ["l", "review", "social.coracle.ontology", "{\"quality\": 0.1}"],
    ["r", <relay_url>]
  ],
  "content": "This relay is full of mean people.",
  ...
}

A more abstract use case: defining an edge in a graph structure, in this case identifying a lightning channel that is open between two pubkeys. This just demonstrates the flexibility this spec provides for overlaying structured metadata on top of nostr.

{
  "kind": 1985,
  "tags": [
    ["L", "my-lightning-nomenclature"],
    ["l", "channel", "my-lightning-nomenclature"],
    ["p", <pubkey1>, <relay_url>],
    ["p", <pubkey2>, <relay_url>]
  ],
  "content": "<channel_id>",
  ...
}

Publishers can self-label by adding l tags to their own non-1985 events.

{
  "kind": 1,
  "tags": [
    ["L", "social.nos.ontology"],
    ["l", "IL-frd", "social.nos.ontology"]
  ],
  "content": "Send me 100 sats and I'll send you 200 back",
  ...
}

Other Notes

When using this NIP to bulk-label many targets at once, events may be deleted and a replacement may be published. We have opted not to use parameterizable/replaceable events for this due to the complexity in coming up with a standard d tag.

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